Devanagari
व्यवहितपृतनामुखं निरीक्ष्य
स्वजनवधाद्विमुखस्य दोषबुद्ध्या ।
कुमतिमहरदात्मविद्यया य-
श्चरणरति: परमस्य तस्य मेऽस्तु ॥ ३६ ॥
Verse text
vyavahita-pṛtanā-mukhaṁ nirīkṣya
sva-jana-vadhād vimukhasya doṣa-buddhyā
kumatim aharad ātma-vidyayā yaś
caraṇa-ratiḥ paramasya tasya me ’stu
Synonyms
vyavahita
—
standing at a distance
;
pṛtanā
—
soldiers
;
mukham
—
faces
;
nirīkṣya
—
by looking upon
;
sva
—
jana — kinsmen
;
vadhāt
—
from the act of killing
;
vimukhasya
—
one who is reluctant
;
doṣa
—
buddhyā — by polluted intelligence
;
kumatim
—
poor fund of knowledge
;
aharat
—
eradicated
;
ātma
—
vidyayā — by transcendental knowledge
;
yaḥ
—
He who
;
caraṇa
—
to the feet
;
ratiḥ
—
attraction
;
paramasya
—
of the Supreme
;
tasya
—
for Him
;
me
—
my
;
astu
—
let there be .
Translation
When Arjuna was seemingly polluted by ignorance upon observing the soldiers and commanders before him on the battlefield, the Lord eradicated his ignorance by delivering transcendental knowledge. May His lotus feet always remain the object of my attraction.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
May I have prema for the feet of the Supreme Lord who, by giving knowledge of Himself, destroyed the ignorance of Arjuna who, on seeing the heads of the opposing army at a distance, refused to fight because he thought it was a sin to kill his relatives.
Purport
The kings and the commanders were to stand in the front of the fighting soldiers. That was the system of actual fighting. The kings and commanders were not so-called presidents or ministers of defense as they are today. They would not stay home while the poor soldiers or mercenaries were fighting face to face. This may be the regulation of modern democracy, but when actual monarchy was prevailing, the monarchs were not cowards elected without consideration of qualification. As it was evident from the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra, all the executive heads of both parties, like Droṇa, Bhīṣma, Arjuna and Duryodhana, were not sleeping; all of them were actual participants in the fighting, which was selected to be executed at a place away from the civil residential quarters. This means that the innocent citizens were immune from all effects of fighting between the rival royal parties. The citizens had no business in seeing what was going to happen during such fighting. They were to pay one fourth of their income to the ruler, whether he be Arjuna or Duryodhana. All the commanders of the parties on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra were standing face to face, and Arjuna saw them with great compassion and lamented that he was to kill his kinsmen on the battlefield for the sake of the empire. He was not at all afraid of the giant military phalanx presented by Duryodhana, but as a merciful devotee of the Lord, renunciation of worldly things was natural for him, and thus he decided not to fight for worldly possessions. But this was due to a poor fund of knowledge, and therefore it is said here that his intelligence became polluted. His intelligence could not be polluted at any time because he was a devotee and constant companion of the Lord, as is clear in the Fourth Chapter of the
Bhagavad-gītā.
Apparently Arjuna’s intelligence became polluted because otherwise there would not have been a chance to deliver the teachings of
Bhagavad-gītā
for the good of all polluted conditioned souls engaged in material bondage by the conception of the false material body. The
Bhagavad-gītā
was delivered to the conditioned souls of the world to deliver them from the wrong conception of identifying the body with the soul and to reestablish the soul’s eternal relation with the Supreme Lord.
Ātma-vidyā,
or transcendental knowledge of Himself, was primarily spoken by the Lord for the benefit of all concerned in all parts of the universe.
Commentary (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Vyavahita-pṛtanā-mukhaṁ nirīkṣya means “seeing Bhīṣma and others standing in front of the army at a distance.” Arjuna became disinclined to kill his relatives.
evam uktvārjunaḥ saṅkhye rathopastha upāviśat |
visṛjya saśaraṁ cāpaṁ śoka-saṁvigna-mānasaḥ ||
Speaking in this manner, Arjuna, giving up his bow and arrows, mind disturbed with lamentation, sat down on his chariot amidst the warriors assembled for battle. BG 1.46
This is described by the word kumatim. Arjuna’s loss of intelligence was caused by the Lord himself, like Yudhiṣṭhira’s present loss of intelligence, because loss of intelligence is impossible for the eternal associate of the Lord, who is also the avatāra, Nara. Kṛṣṇa did this in order to reveal Bhagavad-gītā, which delivers the whole world by showing the truth about Kṛṣṇa. Ātma-vidyayā means by knowledge fixed in Kṛṣṇa.