SB 10.87.38

SB 10.87.38

Devanagari

स यदजया त्वजामनुशयीत गुणांश्च जुषन् भजति सरूपतां तदनु मृत्युमपेतभग: । त्वमुत जहासि तामहिरिव त्वचमात्तभगो महसि महीयसेऽष्टगुणितेऽपरिमेयभग: ॥ ३८ ॥

Verse text

sa yad ajayā tv ajām anuśayīta guṇāṁś ca juṣan bhajati sarūpatāṁ tad anu mṛtyum apeta-bhagaḥ tvam uta jahāsi tām ahir iva tvacam ātta-bhago mahasi mahīyase ’ṣṭa-guṇite ’parimeya-bhagaḥ

Synonyms

saḥ he (the individual living entity) ; yat because ; ajayā by the influence of the material energy ; tu but ; ajām that material energy ; anuśayīta lies down next to ; guṇān her qualities ; ca and ; juṣan assuming ; bhajati he takes on ; sa rūpatām — forms resembling (the qualities of nature) ; tat anu — following that ; mṛtyum death ; apeta deprived ; bhagaḥ of his assets ; tvam You ; uta on the other hand ; jahāsi leave aside ; tām her (the material energy) ; ahiḥ a snake ; iva as if ; tvacam its (old, discarded) skin ; ātta bhagaḥ — endowed with all assets ; mahasi in Your spiritual powers ; mahīyase You are glorified ; aṣṭa guṇite — eightfold ; aparimeya unlimited ; bhagaḥ whose greatness .

Translation

The illusory material nature attracts the minute living entity to embrace her, and as a result he assumes forms composed of her qualities. Subsequently, he loses all his spiritual qualities and must undergo repeated deaths. You, however, avoid the material energy in the same way that a snake abandons its old skin. Glorious in Your possession of eight mystic perfections, You enjoy unlimited opulences.

Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

The illusory material nature attracts the minute living entity to embrace her, and as a result he assumes forms composed of her qualities. Subsequently, he loses all his spiritual qualities and must undergo repeated deaths. You, however, avoid the material energy in the same way that a snake abandons its old skin. Glorious in Your possession of eight mystic perfections, You enjoy unlimited opulences. KB 10.87.38 The personified Vedas continued by saying that the Supersoul and the individual soul, or Paramātmā and jīvātmā, cannot be equal in any circumstance, although both of them sit within the same body, like two birds sitting in the same tree. As declared in the Vedas, these two birds, although sitting as friends, are not equal. One is simply a witness. This bird is the Paramātmā, or Supersoul. And the other bird is eating the fruit of the tree. That is the jīvātmā. When there is cosmic manifestation, the jīvātmā, or the individual soul, appears in the creation in different forms, according to his previous fruitive activities, and due to his long forgetfulness of real existence, he identifies himself with a particular form awarded to him by the laws of material nature. After assuming a material form, he is subjected to the three material modes of nature and acts accordingly to continue his existence in the material world. While he is enwrapped in such ignorance, his natural opulences become almost extinct. The opulences of the Supersoul, or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, however, are not diminished, although He appears within this material world. He maintains all opulences and perfections in full while keeping Himself apart from all the tribulations of this material world. The conditioned soul becomes enwrapped in the material world, whereas the Supersoul, or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, leaves it without being affected, just as a snake sheds his skin. The distinction between the Supersoul and the conditioned individual soul is that the Supersoul, or the Supreme Personality of Godhead, maintains His natural opulences, known as ṣaḍ-aiśvarya, aṣṭa-siddhi and aṣṭa-guṇa. Because of their poor fund of knowledge, the Māyāvādī philosophers forget the fact that Kṛṣṇa is always full with six opulences, eight transcendental qualities and eight kinds of perfection. The six opulences are wealth, strength, beauty, fame, knowledge and renunciation. No one is greater than or equal to Kṛṣṇa in these six opulences. The first of Kṛṣṇa’s eight transcendental qualities is that He is always untouched by the contamination of material existence. This is mentioned in the Īśopaniṣad: apāpa-viddham. Just as the sun is never polluted by any contamination, the Supreme Lord is never polluted by any sinful activity. Although Kṛṣṇa’s actions may sometimes seem impious, He is never polluted by such actions. The second transcendental quality is that Kṛṣṇa never dies. In the Bhagavad-gītā, Fourth Chapter, He informs Arjuna that both He and Arjuna had many appearances in this material world, but that He alone remembers all such activities—past, present and future. This means that He never dies. Forgetfulness is due to death. As we die, we change our bodies and forget. Kṛṣṇa, however, is never forgetful. He can remember everything that has happened in the past. Otherwise, how could He remember that He first taught the yoga system of the Bhagavad-gītā to the sun-god, Vivasvān? Therefore, He never dies. Nor does He ever become an old man. Although Kṛṣṇa was a great-grandfather when He appeared on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra, He did not appear like an old man. Kṛṣṇa cannot be polluted by any sinful activity, Kṛṣṇa never dies, Kṛṣṇa never becomes old, Kṛṣṇa is never subject to lamentation, Kṛṣṇa is never hungry, and He is never thirsty. Whatever He desires is perfectly lawful, and whatever He decides cannot be changed by anyone. These are the eight transcendental qualities of Kṛṣṇa. Besides that, Kṛṣṇa is known as Yogeśvara. He has all the opulences or facilities of mystic powers, such as aṇima-siddhi, the power to become smaller than the smallest. It is stated in the Brahma-saṁhitā that Kṛṣṇa has entered even within the atom (aṇḍāntara-stha-paramāṇu-cayāntara-stham [Bs. 5.35]). Similarly, Kṛṣṇa, as Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, is within the gigantic universe, and He is lying in the Causal Ocean as Mahā-Viṣṇu, in a body so gigantic that when He exhales, millions and trillions of universes emanate from His body. This is called mahima-siddhi. Kṛṣṇa also has the perfection of laghimā: He can become the lightest. It is stated in the Bhagavad-gītā that it is because Kṛṣṇa enters within this universe and within the atoms that all the planets are floating in the air. That is the explanation of weightlessness. Kṛṣṇa also has the perfection of prāpti: He can get whatever He likes. Similarly, He has the facility of īśitā, controlling power. He is called the supreme controller, Parameśvara. In addition, Kṛṣṇa can bring anyone under His influence. This is called vaśitā. In this way, Kṛṣṇa is endowed with all opulences, transcendental qualities and mystic powers. No ordinary living being can compare to Him. Therefore, the Māyāvādīs’ theory that the Supersoul and the individual soul are equal is only a misconception. The conclusion is, therefore, that Kṛṣṇa is worshipable and that all other living entities are simply His servants. This understanding is called self-realization. Any other realization of one’s self beyond this relationship of eternal servitorship to Kṛṣṇa is impelled by māyā. It is said that the last snare of Māyā is her dictation to the living entity to try to become equal to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Māyāvādī philosopher claims to be equal to God, but he cannot reply to the question of why he has fallen into material entanglement. If he is the Supreme God, then how is it that he has been overtaken by impious activities and thereby subjected to the tribulations of the law of karma? When the Māyāvādīs are asked about this, they cannot properly answer. The speculation that one is equal to the Supreme Personality of Godhead is another symptom of sinful life. One cannot take to Kṛṣṇa consciousness unless one is completely freed from all sinful activities. The very fact that the Māyāvādī claims to be one with the Supreme Lord means that he is not yet freed from the reactions of sinful activities. Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam says that such persons are aviśuddha-buddhayaḥ [SB 10.2.32], which means that because they falsely think themselves liberated and at the same time think themselves equal with the Absolute Truth, their intelligence is not purified. The personified Vedas said that if the yogīs and the jṣānīs do not free themselves from sinful desires, then their particular process of self-realization will never be successful.

Purport

Although the jīva is pure spirit, qualitatively equal with the Supreme Lord, he is prone to being degraded by embracing the ignorance of material illusion. When he becomes entranced by the allurements of Māyā, he accepts bodies and senses that are designed to let him indulge in forgetfulness. Produced from the raw material of Māyā’s three modes — goodness, passion and nescience — these bodies envelop the spirit soul in varieties of unhappiness, culminating in death and rebirth. The Supreme Soul and the individual soul share the same spiritual nature, but the Supreme Soul cannot be entrapped by ignorance like His infinitesimal companion. Smoke may engulf the glow of a small molten sphere of copper, covering its light in darkness, but the vast globe of the sun will never suffer the same kind of eclipse. Māyā, after all, is the Personality of Godhead’s faithful maidservant, the outward expansion of His internal, Yoga-māyā potency. Śrī Nārada Paṣcarātra thus states, in a conversation between Śruti and Vidyā: asyā āvarikā-śaktir mahā-māyākhileśvarī yayā mugdhaṁ jagat sarvaṁ sarve dehābhimāninaḥ “The covering potency derived from her is Mahā-māyā, the regulator of everything material. The entire universe becomes bewildered by her, and thus every living being falsely identifies with his material body.” Just as a snake casts aside his old skin, knowing that it is not part of his essential identity, so the Supreme Lord always avoids His external, material energy. There is no insufficiency or limit to any of His eightfold mystic opulences, consisting of aṇimā (the power to become infinitesimal), mahimā (the ability to become infinitely large) and so on. Therefore, the shadow of material darkness has no scope for entering the domain of His unequaled, resplendent glories. For the sake of those whose realization of spiritual life is only gradually awakening, the Upaniṣads sometimes speak in general terms of ātmā or Brahman, not openly distinguishing the difference between the superior and inferior souls, the Paramātmā and jīvātma. But often enough they describe this duality in unequivocal terms: dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṁ vṛkṣaṁ pariṣasvajāte tayor anyaḥ pippalaṁ svādv atty anaśnann anyo ’bhicākaśīti “Two companion birds sit together in the shelter of the same pippala tree. One of them is relishing the taste of the tree’s berries, while the other refrains from eating and instead watches over His friend.” ( Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 4.6) In this analogy the two birds are the soul and the Supersoul, the tree is the body, and the taste of the berries are the varieties of sense pleasure. Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī prays: nṛtyantī tava vīkṣaṇāṅgaṇa-gatā kāla-svabhāvādibhir bhāvān sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-mayān unmīlayantī bahūn mām ākramya padā śirasy ati-bharaṁ sammardayanty āturaṁ māyā te śaraṇaṁ gato ’smi nṛ-hare tvām eva tāṁ vāraya “The glance You cast upon Your consort comprises time, the material propensities of the living entities, and so on. This glance dances upon her face, thus awakening the multitude of created entities, who take birth in the modes of goodness, passion and ignorance. O Lord Nṛhari, Your Māyā has put her foot on my head and is pressing down extremely hard, causing me great distress. Now I have come to You for shelter. Please make her desist.”

Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

Having declared the reality of the world composed of the material gunas and designated by the term (idam), they now speak of the inferiority of the jiva dwelling in this world. The jiva though having a spiritual form, , assumes the gunas by coming under the power of maya. "Because (yat) the jiva associates with material energy by her influence, and becomes tained with upadhis, attaining similarity to the body and senses, coming from the gunas, after that (tad anu), the jiva, his qualities like bliss being covered, attains repeated birth and death in this world (mrtum bhajati)." "But do I, the Lord, also not get covered by ignorance, since I am of very similar spiritual nature to the jiva?" "No, it is not so. The jiva is a particle of consciousness and you are a huge repository of consciousness. The glow of gold, brass or copper can be covered by darkness, but the light of the sun cannot be covered. You, on the other hand (uta), reject it (jahati)." The meaning is this. Maya sakti is a product of the yoga maya skati which comes from the Lord. Her powers are described in the Narada pancaratra in the conversation between the srutis and vidya. Asya avarika saktir mahamaya’khilesvari Yaya mugdham jagat sarvam sarve dehabhimaninah This covering sakti of yogamaya is called mahamaya. She is the mistress of all in the material world, by whom the whole world becomes bewildered and all entities think they are bodies. "She arises only for your expansion, yogamaya, and is not regarded by you as part of your interal energy. She is separated from you. She is thus called the external energy, maya sakti. Just as the snake does not consider the skin which he was separated himself from and given up as himself, you reject this maya, since you have eternal, intrinsic glories." They then reinforce their statement. "You are worshipped in your supreme eightfold powers such as the eight mystic opulences which are already eternally perfect. What is their nature? You have unlimited powers, unlike the powers of others, which are lmited by place and time. Your power is immeasurable because it is intimately related to your svarupa." The srutis say as follows. Ajo hy eko jusamano’ nusete jahaty enam bhukta bhogam ajo’ nyah One unborm associates and enjoys her, and another unborn avoids her who is enjoyed by others. Svetasvatara Upanisad 4.5

Purport (Jiva Goswami)

When the śrutis showed that the Lord is untouched by matter and different from the jīvas, some other śrutis in agreement praise the Lord. “The world is different from me because it is insentient. “But the jīva is similar to Lord since it is indestructible and conscious. Why should the jīva worship me as some śrutis previously said?” The śrutis then explain the difference between the jīva and the Lord in order to explain that the jīva should worship him. The jīva is different because by his nature, his bliss and other qualities are covered. That is logical since the jīva is just an aṁśa of the Lord. Śrīdhara Svāmī gives the meaning of the verse. This description is found in the Bhagavat Sandarbha commentary. Or, since the jīva is bewildered (śayīta) by māyā, according to his ignorance of his svarūpa (anu), he becomes endowed with a particular form, partakes of similarity to the upādhis of māyā (sa-rūpatām), enjoys objects and experiences saṁsāra (anumṛtyam). Some jīvas are influenced by matter because of having upādhis. Other jīvas are not so influenced. The different svarūpa of the jīva should be understood from seeing the difference in his powers. This is understood from Brahmā’s prayers. dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṁ vṛkṣaṁ pariṣasvajāte tayor anyaḥ pippalaṁ svādv atty anaśnann anyo ’bhicākaśīti Two companion birds sit together in the shelter of the same pippala tree. One of them is relishing the taste of the tree’s berries while the other refrains from eating and instead watches over his friend. Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 4.6

Purport (Sanatana Goswami)

The jīva attains various types of suffering by absorption in material enjoyment, because of desires, even though the world is false. “How can the jīva, my aṁśa, a particle of consciousness, become so overcome with illusion by the external energy?” The unfortunate jīva contacts matter by the influence of māyā (yayā), partakes of its guṇas and accepts a similar form, and then dies by māyā (ajayā). You are unaffected by māyā, but the jīva is opposite. His illusions or anarthas arise from the influence of māyā. That is stated by showing the opposite nature of the Lord. You are indifferent to māyā. An example of the snake is given to indicate that māyā belongs to the Lord but not subject to its faults. Association with māyā is a fault and dissociation is a good quality. Thus the intelligent do not become attached to enjoyment of material objects, an enjoyment which is illusory. Or since (yat) the jīva follows māyā for enjoyment (anuśayīta), he thus contacts objects (guṇān) and destroys his knowledge (apeta-bhagah) or is devoid of bhakti to you. Though beyond the material world, he accepts a material form and thus repeatedly dies. Or though the world has a temporary form, the jīva experiences suffering falsely. O lord devoid of birth like jīvas (aja)! Let the jiva attain ignorance (ajām). Since (yat) the jīva develops great attachment to ignorance (śayīta) to enjoy the guṇas, he then experiences birth (sarūpatām). Then after birth, his knowledge becomes completely lost (apeta-bhagaḥ), and he dies. He continually falls into the cycle of birth and death. “It is possible that when I appear as avatāra I will also develop relationship with māyā.” You completely reject ignorance (tām) and what is created by ignorance as a snake rejects an old skin. As a snake no longer even looks at his old skin, you do not look at the creation caused by ignorance. Rather, you enjoy at all times in Vaikuṇṭha. Displaying your powers (ātta-bhagaḥ), being full of eight powers in Vaikuṇṭha, a manifestion of the cit śakti, you remain glorious (mahīyase). “This display of qualities is like the power in Brahmaloka.” It is beyond all guṇas of the material world, being unlimited in power (aparimeya-bhagaḥ).