Devanagari
त्वदवगमी न वेत्ति भवदुत्थशुभाशुभयो-
र्गुणविगुणान्वयांस्तर्हि देहभृतां च गिर: ।
अनुयुगमन्वहं सगुण गीतपरम्परया
श्रवणभृतो यतस्त्वमपवर्गगतिर्मनुजै: ॥ ४० ॥
Verse text
tvad avagamī na vetti bhavad-uttha-śubhāśubhayor
guṇa-viguṇānvayāṁs tarhi deha-bhṛtāṁ ca giraḥ
anu-yugam anv-ahaṁ sa-guṇa gīta-paramparayā
śravaṇa-bhṛto yatas tvam apavarga-gatir manu-jaiḥ
Synonyms
tvat
—
You
;
avagamī
—
one who understands
;
na vetti
—
does not pay regard
;
bhavat
—
from You
;
uttha
—
rising
;
śubha
—
aśubhayoḥ — of the auspiciousness and inauspiciousness
;
guṇa
—
viguṇa — of good and bad
;
anvayān
—
to the attributions
;
tarhi
—
consequently
;
deha
—
bhṛtām — of embodied living beings
;
ca
—
also
;
giraḥ
—
the words
;
anu
—
yugam — in every age
;
anu
—
aham — every day
;
sa
—
guṇa — O You who are endowed with qualities
;
gīta
—
of recitation
;
paramparayā
—
by the chain of succession
;
śravaṇa
—
through hearing
;
bhṛtaḥ
—
carried
;
yataḥ
—
because of this
;
tvam
—
You
;
apavarga
—
of liberation
;
gatiḥ
—
the ultimate goal
;
manujaiḥ
—
by human beings, descendants of Manu .
Translation
When a person realizes You, he no longer cares about his good and bad fortune arising from past pious and sinful acts, since it is You alone who control this good and bad fortune. Such a realized devotee also disregards what ordinary living beings say about him. Every day he fills his ears with Your glories, which are recited in each age by the unbroken succession of Manu’s descendants, and thus You become his ultimate salvation.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
When a person realizes You, he no longer cares about his good and bad fortune arising from past pious and sinful acts, since it is You alone who control this good and bad fortune. Such a realized devotee also disregards what ordinary living beings say about him. Every day he fills his ears with Your glories, which are recited in each age by the unbroken succession of Manu's descendants, and thus You become his ultimate salvation.
KB 10.87.40
The personified Vedas continued: “Dear Lord, anyone who by Your grace has understood the glories of Your lotus feet is callous to material happiness and distress.” The material pangs are inevitable as long as we exist within the material world, but a devotee does not divert his attention to such actions and reactions, which are the results of pious and impious activities. Nor is a devotee very much disturbed or pleased by praise or condemnation from people in general. A devotee is sometimes greatly praised because of his transcendental activities, and sometimes he is criticized, even though there is no reason for adverse criticism. The pure devotee, however, is always callous to praise or condemnation by ordinary people. Actually, the devotee’s activities are on the transcendental plane. He is not interested in the praise or condemnation of people engaged in material activities. If the devotee can thus maintain his transcendental position, his liberation in this life and the next is guaranteed by the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
A devotee’s transcendental position within this material world is maintained in the association of pure devotees, simply by hearing the glorious activities enacted by the Lord in different ages and in different incarnations. The Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement is based on this principle. Śrīla Narottama dāsa Ṭhākura has sung, “My dear Lord, let me be engaged in Your transcendental loving service, as indicated by the previous ācāryas, and let me live in the association of pure devotees. That is my desire, life after life.” In other words, a devotee does not much care whether or not he is liberated; he is eager only for devotional service. Devotional service means that one does not do anything independently of the sanction of the ācāryas. The actions of the Kṛṣṇa consciousness movement are directed by the previous ācāryas, headed by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī; in the association of devotees following these principles, a devotee is able to perfectly maintain his transcendental position.
In the Bhagavad-gītā the Lord says that a devotee who knows Him perfectly is very dear to Him. Four kinds of pious men take to devotional service. If a pious man is in distress, he approaches the Lord for mitigation of his distress. If a pious man is in need of material help, he prays to the Lord for such help. If a pious man is actually inquisitive about the science of God, he approaches the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa. Similarly, a pious man who is simply eager to know the science of Kṛṣṇa also approaches the Supreme Lord. Out of these four classes of men, the last is praised by Kṛṣṇa Himself in the Bhagavad-gītā. A person who tries to understand Kṛṣṇa with full knowledge and devotion by following in the footsteps of previous ācāryas conversant with scientific knowledge of the Supreme Lord is praiseworthy. Such a devotee can understand that all conditions of life, favorable and unfavorable, are created by the supreme will of the Lord. And when he has fully surrendered unto the lotus feet of the Supreme Lord, he does not care whether his condition of life is favorable or unfavorable. A devotee takes even an unfavorable condition to be the special favor of the Personality of Godhead. Actually, there are no unfavorable conditions for a devotee. Knowing that everything is coming by the will of the Lord, he sees every condition as favorable, and in any condition of life he is simply enthusiastic to discharge his devotional service. This devotional attitude is explained in the Bhagavad-gītā: a devotee is never distressed in reverse conditions of life, nor is he overjoyed in favorable conditions. In the higher stages of devotional service, a devotee is not even concerned with the list of do’s and do not’s. Such a position can be maintained only by following in the footsteps of the ācāryas. Because a pure devotee follows in the footsteps of the ācāryas, any action he performs to discharge devotional service should be understood to be on the transcendental platform. Lord Kṛṣṇa therefore instructs us that an ācārya is above criticism. A neophyte devotee should not consider himself to be on the same plane as the ācārya. It should be accepted that the ācāryas are on the same platform as the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and as such neither Kṛṣṇa nor His representative ācārya should be subjected to any adverse criticism by the neophyte devotees.
The personified Vedas thus worshiped the Supreme Personality of Godhead in different ways. Offering worship to the Supreme Lord by praying means remembering His transcendental qualities, pastimes and activities. But the Lord’s pastimes and qualities are unlimited. It is not possible for us to remember all the qualities of the Lord. Therefore, the personified Vedas worshiped to the best of their ability, and at the end they spoke as follows.
Purport
Text 39 clearly states that impersonalistic renunciants will continue to suffer birth after birth. One may ask if this suffering is justified, since a renunciant’s status should exempt him from suffering, whether or not he has a devotional attitude. As the
śruti-mantra
states,
eṣa nityo mahimā brāhmaṇasya na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyān:
“The perpetual glory of a
brāhmaṇa
is never increased or diminished as a result of any of his activities.” (
Bṛhad-āraṇyaka Upaniṣad
4.4.28) To counter the objection thus raised, the personified
Vedas
offer this prayer.
Impersonalistic
jṣanīs
and
yogīs
do not qualify for full relief from the reactions of
karma
— a privilege reserved only for those who are
tvad-avagamī,
pure devotees constantly engaged in hearing and chanting topics concerning the Personality of Godhead. The devotees hold firm to the Supreme Lord’s lotus feet by their unrelenting Kṛṣṇa consciousness, and so they need not strictly adhere to the ritual commands and prohibitions of the
Vedas.
They can fearlessly ignore the apparent good and bad reactions of the work they do only for the Supreme Lord’s pleasure, and they can equally ignore whatever others may say about them, whether praise or condemnation. A humble Vaiṣṇava absorbed in the pleasure of
saṅkīrtana,
glorification of the Lord, pays little heed to praise of himself, which he assumes mistaken, and happily accepts all criticism, which he deems appropriate.
One receives the authorized chanting of the Supreme Lord’s glories by faithfully hearing from “the sons of Manu,” the disciplic succession of saintly Vaiṣṇavas coming down through the ages. These sages emulate well the example of Svāyambhuva Manu, the forefather of mankind:
ayāta-yāmās tasyāsan
yāmāḥ svāntara-yāpanāḥ
śṛṇvato dhyāyato viṣṇoḥ
kurvato bruvataḥ kathāḥ
“Although Svāyambhuva’s life gradually came to an end, his long life, consisting of a
manvantara
era, was not spent in vain, since he always engaged in hearing, contemplating, writing down and chanting the pastimes of the Lord.” (
Bhāg.
3.22.35
)
Even if a neophyte devotee falls from the standards of proper behavior by the force of his past bad habits, the all-merciful Lord will not reject him. As Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa states:
tair ahaṁ pūjanīyo vai
bhadrakṛṣṇa-nivāsibhiḥ
tad-dharma-gati-hīnā ye
tasyāṁ mayi parāyaṇāḥ
kalinā grasitā ye vai
tesāṁ tasyām avasthitiḥ
yathā tvaṁ saha putraiś ca
yathā rudro gaṇaiḥ saha
yathā śrīyābhiyukto ’haṁ
tathā bhakto mama priyaḥ
“For those who live in Bhadrakṛṣṇa [the district of Mathurā], I am the object of all worship. Even if the residents of that place fail to properly cultivate the religious principles that one should observe in the holy land, they still become devoted to Me just by virtue of living there. Even if Kali [the present age of quarrel] has them in his grip, they still get credit for living in this place. My devotee who lives in Mathurā is just as dear to Me as you [Brahmā] and your sons — Rudra and his followers — and Goddess Śrī and My own self.” (
Gopāla Tāpanī Upaniṣad, Uttara
16)
Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī prays:
avagamaṁ tava me diśa mādhava
sphurati yan na sukhāsukha-saṅgamaḥ
śravaṇa-varṇana-bhāvam athāpi vā
na hi bhavāmi yathā vidhi-kiṅkaraḥ
“O Mādhava, please let Me understand You so that I will no longer experience the entanglement of material pleasure and pain. Or else, just as good, please give me a taste for hearing and chanting about You. In that way I will no longer be a slave to ritual injunctions.”
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
But the devotees who have bad practice do suffer in this life and the next like the impersonal sannyasis. Rather, they attain success.
"One who has the quality of knowing you as his object of worship, does not know the results of good or bad actions produced by you."
Bhaktir asya bhajanam tad ihamutropadhi nairasyena amusmin manah kalpanam etad eva naiskarmyam
Bhakti is worship of the Lord, concentrating the mind on him, renouncing all material desires for enjoyment (upadhi) in this world and the next. It destroys all karmas.
Gopala Tapani Upanisad Purva 15
"Since the devotee in performing worship destroys all reactions of karma, the good and bad events which occur are not the results of karma, but rather are results produced directly by you (bhavat uttha subhasubhayoh). These are effected by you in order to keep the secretiveness of devotion to you, to avoid uprooting the opinions of the materialists, or to increase the longing in the devotee. Or it could be the result of offense to your devotee. It is implied that you make those experiences appear to be suffering from karma."
"He does not know the good and bad qualities resulting from those good and bad experiences."
When others say "This devotee is merciful, tolerant, and generous," or "This devotee is attached to sense enjoyment, is greedy, and proud." The devotee is not overly concerned about it. At that time, he is not concerned with the praise or criticism of other men either exalted or low. He thinks, "If these men praise me seeing some false good qualities, let them do it. If those people criticize me seeing true faults in me, let them criticize, for that is only right." The cause is then mentioned.
"By the flow of singing day after day and yuga after yuga the names and qualities of you who are an ocean of spiritual qualities, being saguna (saguna kirtana paramparaya), you fill their ears (sravana bhrtah) and give prema bhakti (apavarga gatih)."
This meaning of apavarga gatih is according to the prose statement in the fourth canto. Or aparvarga can mean apakrsta varga or the despicable four goals of dharma, artha, kama and moksa. Therefore apavarga gatih means in this verse "you are the goal beyond the lower four vargas."
Tair aham pujaniyo vai bhadra krsna nivasibhih
Tad dharma gati hina ye tasyam mayi parayanah
Kalina grasta ye vai tesam tasyam avasthitih
Yatha tvam saha putrais ca yatha rudro ganaih saha
Yatha sriyabhiyukto’ham tatha bhakto mama priyah
I am the object of worship for the inhabitants of the forests of bhadra and krsna. Though breaking the rules of proper conduct, though afflicted by Kali, they are my devotees, and dwell in Mathura. As you are affectionate with your sons, siva is affectionate with his followers or myself with laksmi, I am devoted to my devotees.
Gopala tapani upanisad 51-53
In the previous quotation, being devoid of dharma and afflicted by kali indicate bad character. Among the two types of fallen worshippers, the impersonalist sannyasi is criticized and the devotee is praised by the Lord.
Yas tvasamyata sad vargah pracandendriya sarathih
Jnana vairagya rahitas tri dandam upajivati
Suran atmanam atma sham nihnute mam ca dharma ha
Avipak kasayo’smad amusmac ca vihiyate
That person with no control over the six urges, who is the charioteer of wild senses, who is devoid of knowledge and renunciation, who makes a living out his sannyasa, and who avoids me situated with him, , and the devotees, being a destroyer of dharma, full of passions, is deprived in this world and the next.
(SB 11.18.40-41)
Api cet suduracaro bhajate mam anyanyabhak
Sadhur eve sa mantavya samyag vyavasitohi sah
In this way the Lord praises his devotee. By all means, the Lord agrees with the srutis who are his followers at the end of their praises of him.
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
Hearing this, some śrutis fully dedicated to the Lord express themselves with enthusiasm. Those who realize the truth about you do not know happiness and distress arising from prārabhda-karmas, pious or impious, which become established as shadows by you, since they cannot remain by the power of bhakti. The devotees want to protect their bodies only for doing abundant sādhana. They cannot realize whether happiness and distress exist or not. Not recognizing happiness and distress, they then do not recognize other persons’ words which speak of rules and prohibitions. Or, they do not recognize criticism or praise. Or the person who realizes you does not recognize good or bad qualities of piety or sin performed by living beings which produces their birth (bhavat) in different bodies. He does not think, “Who did this or why did he do this?” He does not recognize what produces auspicious or inauspicious results. He does not recognize words of others concerning himself in the form of praise or criticism since he is absorbed in the bliss of realizing you. Then what does he do? An example is given showing the succession of great devotees. Because of realizing you (yataḥ), you are held in their hearts as they hear songs glorifying your qualities daily, in each yuga, composed by persons equal to Svayambhuva Manu. Svayambhuva is described as follows:
ayāta-yāmās tasyāsan yāmāḥ svāntara-yāpanāḥ
śṛṇvato dhyāyato viṣṇoḥ kurvato bruvataḥ kathāḥ
Since he heard about the Lord, meditated on him, spoke about him and made compositions with his words about him, his passing of time, extending for a Manvantara, was not in vain. SB 3.22.35
The reason is given. You are the shelter (gatiḥ) of even liberation. You are the tenth object discussed in the Purāṇas (āśṛayaḥ). You are the highest goal for human beings.
As long as they do not know your glories from hearing they will perform other sādhanas:
āvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvan na jāyate
As long as one does not become detached from daily and periodic duties or has not awakened his faith in hearing topics about me, one must perform one’s prescribed duties of varṇāśrama.
Purport (Sanatana Goswami)
There is unlimited suffering for the non devotee. Dor the devotee there is no suffering from enjoying objects under the influence of karma. Rather in all places he is most joyful. He knows you as the most excellent (avagamī). Or he approaches you by meditation (avagamī). Or he has a manifestion of the Lord with eradication of all doubts. He does not know good and bad results arising from piety or sin, arising by your will for some pastime. Thus you are a second reason for the good and bad results. The devotees respect the will of the Lord, the Lord has deep affection for the devotees and he is pleased by their affection.
Who are the devotees? Every yuga, and every day, by all humans (manujaiḥ), they hear about you through a series of songs glorifying you, filling their ears completely. Or you are heard (śravana-bhṛtaḥ) about through songs. O lord with qualities (saguṇa)! This can happen because your great mercy. Or O lord with an ocean great qualities (saguṇa)! The songs are filled with those qualities. Other than you, there is no goal. You are the shelter of even liberation (apavarga-gatiḥ). Or you are to be achieved even by liberation.
Or the devotee does not consider the good and bad arising from piety or sin, which arises from your desire. He does not care since it is your desire. Everything arises by the Lord’s will. “I will do whatever the Lord desires.” In doing bhakti he does not listen to the words of others since he is beyond the qualfications of karma-yoga.
tāvat karmāṇi kurvīta na nirvidyeta yāvatā
mat-kathā-śravaṇādau vā śraddhā yāvan na jāyate
As long as one does not become detached from daily and periodic duties or has not awakened his faith in hearing topics about me, one must perform one’s prescribed duties of varṇāśrama. SB 11.20.9
devarṣi-bhūtāpta-nṛṇāṁ pitṝṇāṁ
na kiṅkaro nāyam ṛṇī ca rājan
sarvātmanā yaḥ śaraṇaṁ śaraṇyaṁ
gato mukundaṁ parihṛtya kartam
O King! One who has given up all varṇāśrama duties and has taken full shelter of the lotus feet of Mukunda, who offers shelter to all, is not a debtor to or servant of the devatās, great sages, ordinary living beings, relatives or Pitṛs. SB 11.5.41
The devotees hear a series of songs filled with all good qualities (saguṇa).
Or the greatest devotee, absorbed in you, does not care for good and bad results arising from piety or sin which have arisen, are presently appearing, or which will appear in the future, experienced by other living entities (deha-bhṛtām). “Who did what? Who does what? What auspicious or inauspicious result has arrived?” He does not know any of that. He does not know their materialistic words. Moreover in every yuga, humans hear about you through songs filled with your qualities. You are the method of attaining liberation. By destroying saṁsāra one can approach you.