Devanagari
नृणां साधारणो धर्म: सविशेषश्च यादृश: ।
श्रेणीनां राजर्षीणां च धर्म: कृच्छ्रेषु जीवताम् ॥ १८ ॥
Verse text
nṛṇāṁ sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ
saviśeṣaś ca yādṛśaḥ
śreṇīnāṁ rājarṣīṇāṁ ca
dharmaḥ kṛcchreṣu jīvatām
Synonyms
nṛṇām
—
of human society
;
sādhāraṇaḥ
—
general
;
dharmaḥ
—
religious affiliation
;
sa
—
viśeṣaḥ — specific
;
ca
—
also
;
yādṛśaḥ
—
as they are
;
śreṇīnām
—
of the particular three classes
;
rājarṣīṇām
—
of the saintly royal order
;
ca
—
also
;
dharmaḥ
—
occupational duty
;
kṛcchreṣu
—
in the matter of distressed conditions
;
jīvatām
—
of the living beings .
Translation
Please also explain what may generally be the common religious affiliations of human society, as well as their specific occupational duties in religion, the classification of the social orders as well as the administrative royal orders, and the religious principles for one who may be in distress.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Speak about the general dharma for all men, bhakti, and the various dharmas according to birth. Speak of the dharmas of the vaiśya and kings, and the dharma when it is impossible to perform one’s regular occupation.
Purport
The common religion of all classes of human beings, regardless of whosoever and whatsoever one may be, is devotional service. Even the animals may be included in devotional service to the Lord, and the best example is set by Śrī Vajrāṅgajī, or Hanumān, the great devotee of Lord Śrī Rāma. As we have already discussed, even the aborigines and cannibals can also be engaged in the devotional service of the Lord if they happen to be under the guidance of a genuine devotee of the Lord. In the
Skanda Purāṇa
there is a narration that a hunter in the jungle became the most enlightened devotee of the Lord by the guidance of Śrī Nārada Muni. Therefore devotional service to the Lord can be equally shared by every living being.
Religious affiliation in terms of different countries and cultural circumstances is obviously not the common religion of the human being; rather, the basic principle is devotional service. Even if a particular type of religious principle does not recognize the supremacy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the followers still have to obey the disciplinary principles laid down by a particular leader. Such a leader of a religious sect is never the supreme leader because such a circumstantial leader comes to the position of leadership after undergoing some penance. The Supreme Personality of Godhead does not, however, require to be under disciplinary action to become leader, as we see in the activities of Lord Kṛṣṇa.
The occupational duties of the castes and the orders of society, following the principles of livelihood, also depend on the principle of devotional service. In the
Bhagavad-gītā
it is stated that a person can achieve the highest perfection of life simply by awarding the results of his occupational duty unto the devotional service of the Lord. People following the principles of devotional service to the Lord can never be put into difficulty, and thus there cannot be any question of
āpad-dharma,
or religion in distress. As will be explained in this book by the greatest authority, Śrīla Śukadeva Gosvāmī, there is no religion save and except the devotional service of the Lord, though this may be presented in different forms.
Commentary (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Please describe about bhakti (sādhāraṇaḥ dharmaḥ) for men, including even the outcastes. Saviśeṣaḥ refers to dharmas according to birth. Even these persons become devotees. This is illustrated in the verse kirāta-hūṇāndhra-pulinda-pulkaśā. (SB 2.4.18) Also describe the dharma of the vaiśyas (śreṇīnām) and kings. These people should also take up bhakti without offense. What is the dharma in emergency situations when it is difficult to act according to varṇa? This question is suitable for all types of bhakti.