Devanagari
बाहुभ्योऽवर्तत क्षत्रं क्षत्रियस्तदनुव्रत: ।
यो जातस्त्रायते वर्णान् पौरुष: कण्टकक्षतात् ॥ ३१ ॥
Verse text
bāhubhyo ’vartata kṣatraṁ
kṣatriyas tad anuvrataḥ
yo jātas trāyate varṇān
pauruṣaḥ kaṇṭaka-kṣatāt
Synonyms
bāhubhyaḥ
—
from the arms
;
avartata
—
generated
;
kṣatram
—
the power of protection
;
kṣatriyaḥ
—
in relation to the power of protection
;
tat
—
that
;
anuvrataḥ
—
followers
;
yaḥ
—
one who
;
jātaḥ
—
so becomes
;
trāyate
—
delivers
;
varṇān
—
the other occupations
;
pauruṣaḥ
—
representative of the Personality of Godhead
;
kaṇṭaka
—
of disturbing elements like thieves and debauchees
;
kṣatāt
—
from the mischief .
Translation
Thereafter the power of protection was generated from the arms of the gigantic virāṭ form, and in relation to such power the kṣatriyas also came into existence by following the kṣatriya principle of protecting society from the disturbance of thieves and miscreants.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
From the arms of the universal form appeared the function of protection and the brave kṣatriyas who act according to that principle, who protect the other varnas from troublesome aggressors because of their protective nature.
Kṣatram means the ability to protect. Those who are inclined to this principle also appeared from the arms. They protect the varṇas from violence of thieves and others (kaṇṭaka-kṣatāt), because of having this protective nature (pauruṣaḥ).
Purport
As the
brāhmaṇas
are recognized by their particular qualification of inclination towards the transcendental knowledge of Vedic wisdom, so also the
kṣatriyas
are recognized by the power to protect society from the disturbing elements of thieves and miscreants. The word
anuvrataḥ
is significant. A person who follows the
kṣatriya
principles by protecting society from thieves and miscreants is called a
kṣatriya,
not the one who is simply born a
kṣatriya.
The conception of the caste system is always based on quality and not on the qualification of birth. Birth is an extraneous consideration; it is not the main feature of the orders and divisions. In
Bhagavad-gītā
(18.41-44) the qualifications of the
brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas
and
śūdras
are specifically mentioned, and it is understood that all such qualifications are needed before one can be designated as belonging to a particular group.
Lord Viṣṇu is always mentioned as the
puruṣa
in all Vedic scriptures. Sometimes the living entities are also mentioned as
puruṣas,
although they are essentially
puruṣa-śakti
(
parā śakti
or
parā prakṛti
), the superior energy of the
puruṣa.
Illusioned by the external potency of the
puruṣa
(the Lord), the living entities falsely think of themselves as the
puruṣa
although they actually have no qualifications. The Lord has the power to protect. Of the three deities Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśvara, the first has the power to create, the second has the power to protect, and the third has the power to destroy. The word
puruṣa
is significant in this verse because the
kṣatriyas
are expected to represent the
puruṣa
Lord in giving protection to the
prajās,
or all those who are born in the land and water. Protection is therefore meant for both man and the animals. In modern society the
prajās
are not protected from the hands of thieves and miscreants. The modern democratic state, which has no
kṣatriyas,
is a government of the
vaiśyas
and
śūdras,
and not of
brāhmaṇas
and
kṣatriyas
as formerly. Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira and his grandson, Mahārāja Parīkṣit, were typical
kṣatriya
kings, for they gave protection to all men and animals. When the personification of Kali attempted to kill a cow, Mahārāja Parīkṣit at once prepared himself to kill the miscreant, and the personification of Kali was banished from his kingdom. That is the sign of
puruṣa,
or the representative of Lord Viṣṇu. According to Vedic civilization, a qualified
kṣatriya
monarch is given the respect of the Lord because he represents the Lord by giving protection to the
prajās.
Modern elected presidents cannot even give protection from theft cases, and therefore one has to take protection from an insurance company. The problems of modern human society are due to the lack of qualified
brāhmaṇas
and
kṣatriyas
and the overinfluence of the
vaiśyas
and
śūdras
by so-called general franchise.