Devanagari
तदेतत्षोडशकलं लिङ्गं शक्तित्रयं महत् ।
धत्तेऽनुसंसृतिं पुंसि हर्षशोकभयार्तिदाम् ॥ ५१ ॥
Verse text
tad etat ṣoḍaśa-kalaṁ
liṅgaṁ śakti-trayaṁ mahat
dhatte ’nusaṁsṛtiṁ puṁsi
harṣa-śoka-bhayārtidām
Synonyms
tat
—
therefore
;
etat
—
this
;
ṣoḍaśa
—
kalam — made of sixteen parts (namely the ten senses, the mind and the five sense objects)
;
liṅgam
—
the subtle body
;
śakti
—
trayam — the effect of the three modes of material nature
;
mahat
—
insurmountable
;
dhatte
—
gives
;
anusaṁsṛtim
—
almost perpetual rotation and transmigration in different types of bodies
;
puṁsi
—
unto the living entity
;
harṣa
—
jubilation
;
śoka
—
lamentation
;
bhaya
—
fear
;
ārti
—
misery
;
dām
—
which gives .
Translation
The subtle body is endowed with sixteen parts — the five knowledge-acquiring senses, the five working senses, the five objects of sense gratification, and the mind. This subtle body is an effect of the three modes of material nature. It is composed of insurmountably strong desires, and therefore it causes the living entity to transmigrate from one body to another in human life, animal life and life as a demigod. When the living entity gets the body of a demigod, he is certainly very jubilant, when he gets a human body he is always in lamentation, and when he gets the body of an animal, he is always afraid. In all conditions, however, he is actually miserable. His miserable condition is called saṁsṛti, or transmigration in material life.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
The subtle body of the jīva, the effect of the three guṇas, composed of the ten senses, five sense objects and the mind, produces repeated and unavoidable birth, which gives joy, sorrow, fear and pain to the jīva.
Tat means “of the jīva.” Liṅgam means the subtle body. Śakti-trayam means the effects of the three guṇas. This subtle body produces repeated birth, hard to avoid (mahat) for the jīva (puṁsi).
Purport
The sum and substance of material conditional life is explained in this verse. The living entity, the seventeenth element, is struggling alone, life after life. This struggle is called
saṁsṛti,
or material conditional life. In
Bhagavad-gītā
it is said that the force of material nature is insurmountably strong (
daivī hy eṣā guṇa-mayī mama māyā duratyayā
). Material nature harasses the living entity in different bodies, but if the living entity surrenders to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, he becomes free from this entanglement, as confirmed in
Bhagavad-gītā
(
mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṁ taranti te
). Thus his life becomes successful.