Devanagari
यस्मिन्यतो येन च यस्य यस्मै
यद्यो यथा कुरुते कार्यते च ।
परावरेषां परमं प्राक् प्रसिद्धं
तद् ब्रह्म तद्धेतुरनन्यदेकम् ॥ ३० ॥
Verse text
yasmin yato yena ca yasya yasmai
yad yo yathā kurute kāryate ca
parāvareṣāṁ paramaṁ prāk prasiddhaṁ
tad brahma tad dhetur ananyad ekam
Synonyms
yasmin
—
in whom (the Supreme Personality of Godhead or the supreme place of repose)
;
yataḥ
—
from whom (everything emanates)
;
yena
—
by whom (everything is enacted)
;
ca
—
also
;
yasya
—
to whom everything belongs
;
yasmai
—
to whom (everything is offered)
;
yat
—
which
;
yaḥ
—
who
;
yathā
—
as
;
kurute
—
executes
;
kāryate
—
is performed
;
ca
—
also
;
para
—
avareṣām — of both, in the material and spiritual existence
;
paramam
—
the supreme
;
prāk
—
the origin
;
prasiddham
—
well known to everyone
;
tat
—
that
;
brahma
—
the Supreme Brahman
;
tat hetuḥ
—
the cause of all causes
;
ananyat
—
having no other cause
;
ekam
—
one without a second .
Translation
The Supreme Brahman, Kṛṣṇa, is the ultimate resting place and source of everything. Everything is done by Him, everything belongs to Him, and everything is offered to Him. He is the ultimate objective, and whether acting or causing others to act, He is the ultimate doer. There are many causes, high and low, but since He is the cause of all causes, He is well known as the Supreme Brahman who existed before all activities. He is one without a second and has no other cause. I therefore offer my respects unto Him.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Brahman is the supreme cause, ever existing, of all lower and higher causes, in which, from which, by which, of which, unto which everything occurs, who does everything, and who is the desired object of all action. Brahma alone, and nothing else exists.
“But if you say that material forms are not the svarūpa of the Lord, then the Lord is incomplete.” Locative case (yasmin) ablative case (yataḥ), instrumental case (yena), possessive case (yasya), dative case (yasmai), accusative case (yat), and nominative case (yah) are all used to express everything in relation to the Lord. It is Brahman who does everything and in whom, from whom, by whom, of whom, unto whom, everything is done. By seven words seven grammatical cases are related to the Lord are expressed. Yathā indicates indeclinables used to express relationships with the verb. Kurute and kāryate indicate actions for the self and for others. Ca indicates affixes used to form words. All of this is Brahman. Why? He is the cause of all of them. How is that? Brahman has always existed. “Brahman and other things are said to be causes. Are inferior things also seen as causes?” Brahman is the supreme cause of all causes higher and lower. “Though Brahman is the final cause, does Brahman have some assistance?” No, Brahman is alone (ekam), not dependent on anything else. “How can Brahman be called the only cause since one hears of time, māyā, jīva, and karma being the cause of the universe, and one hears of the eternal existence of the nine spiritual energies, the three spiritual energies and their actions, the associates of the Lord and his expansions like Vāsudeva and Saṅkarṣaṇa?” Nothing else exists except the Lord (ananyat). They are all the Lord, because the energies arise from his svarūpa. His expansions like Vāsudeva are his aṁśas, and time, jīva and māyā are also his śaktis, but they do not arise from his svarūpa.
Purport
The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, is the original cause, as confirmed in
Bhagavad-gītā
(
ahaṁ sarvasya prabhavaḥ
). Even this material world, which is conducted under the modes of material nature, is caused by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who therefore also has an intimate relationship with the material world. If the material world were not a part of His body, the Supreme Lord, the supreme cause, would be incomplete. Therefore we hear,
vāsudevaḥ sarvam iti sa mahātmā su-durlabhaḥ:
if one knows that Vāsudeva is the original cause of all causes, he becomes a perfect
mahātmā.
The
Brahma-saṁhitā
(5.1)
declares:
īśvaraḥ paramaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ
sac-cid-ānanda-vigrahaḥ
anādir ādir govindaḥ
sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam
“Kṛṣṇa, who is known as Govinda, is the supreme controller. He has an eternal, blissful, spiritual body. He is the origin of all. He has no other origin, for He is the prime cause of all causes.” The Supreme Brahman (
tad brahma
) is the cause of all causes, but He has no cause.
Anādir ādir govindaḥ sarva-kāraṇa-kāraṇam:
Govinda, Kṛṣṇa, is the original cause of all causes, but He has no cause for His appearance as Govinda. Govinda expands in multifarious forms, but nevertheless they are one. As confirmed by Madhvācārya,
ananyaḥ sadṛśābhāvād eko rūpādy-abhedataḥ:
Kṛṣṇa has no cause nor any equal, and He is one because His various forms, as
svāṁśa
and
vibhinnāṁśa,
are nondifferent from Himself.