Devanagari
ऊर्ध्वं गच्छन्ति सत्त्वस्था मध्ये तिष्ठन्ति राजसा: ।
जघन्यगुणवृत्तिस्था अधो गच्छन्ति तामसा: ॥ १८ ॥
Verse text
ūrdhvaṁ gacchanti sattva-sthā
madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ
jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtti-sthā
adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ
Synonyms
ūrdhvam
—
upwards
;
gacchanti
—
go
;
sattva-sthāḥ
—
those situated in the mode of goodness
;
madhye
—
in the middle
;
tiṣṭhanti
—
dwell
;
rājasāḥ
—
those situated in the mode of passion
;
jaghanya
—
of abominable
;
guṇa
—
quality
;
vṛtti-sthāḥ
—
whose occupation
;
adhaḥ
—
down
;
gacchanti
—
go
;
tāmasāḥ
—
persons in the mode of ignorance.
Translation
Those situated in the mode of goodness gradually go upward to the higher planets; those in the mode of passion live on the earthly planets; and those in the abominable mode of ignorance go down to the hellish worlds.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
18. Those situated in sattva go to higher planets. Those in rajas remain in the world of humans. Those of the lowest guṇa, tamas, go downwards to hell.
Translation (Baladeva Vidyabhusana)
18. Those situated in sattva go to higher planets. Those in rajas remain in the world of humans. Those of the lowest guṇa, continually situated in ignorance, go downwards to lower species.
Purport
In this verse the results of actions in the three modes of nature are more explicitly set forth. There is an upper planetary system, consisting of the heavenly planets, where everyone is highly elevated. According to the degree of development of the mode of goodness, the living entity can be transferred to various planets in this system. The highest planet is Satyaloka, or Brahmaloka, where the prime person of this universe, Lord Brahmā, resides. We have seen already that we can hardly calculate the wondrous condition of life in Brahmaloka, but the highest condition of life, the mode of goodness, can bring us to this.
The mode of passion is mixed. It is in the middle, between the modes of goodness and ignorance. A person is not always pure, but even if he should be purely in the mode of passion, he will simply remain on this earth as a king or a rich man. But because there are mixtures, one can also go down. People on this earth, in the mode of passion or ignorance, cannot forcibly approach the higher planets by machine. In the mode of passion, there is also the chance of becoming mad in the next life.
The lowest quality, the mode of ignorance, is described here as abominable. The result of developing ignorance is very, very risky. It is the lowest quality in material nature. Beneath the human level there are eight million species of life – birds, beasts, reptiles, trees, etc. – and according to the development of the mode of ignorance, people are brought down to these abominable conditions. The word tāmasāḥ is very significant here. Tāmasāḥ indicates those who stay continuously in the mode of ignorance without rising to a higher mode. Their future is very dark.
There is an opportunity for men in the modes of ignorance and passion to be elevated to the mode of goodness, and that system is called Kṛṣṇa consciousness. But one who does not take advantage of this opportunity will certainly continue in the lower modes.
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
According to the amount of sattva one can go upwards to Brahmaloka.
Those in rajo guṇa dwell on the human plane (madhye). Those of the lowest (jaghanya) guṇa, with tamasic behavior like inattention and laziness, go to hell (adhaḥ).
Purport (Baladeva Vidyabhusana)
Now the results for those fixed in the various modes in terms of higher, middle and lower destinations are described. The word vṛtti (conduct) should be understood in connection with mentioned of the other two modes. Those fixed with conduct in sattva (sattva(vṛtti) sthā) go as far as Satya-loka, according to the amount of sattva. Those fixed in conduct of rajas (rājasāḥ) stay in the middle of the universe, in the human world, with a mixture of sin and piety. They take on human forms according to the amount of rajas. Those situated in conduct of tamas, inferior to the other two modes (jaghanya), continually fixed in conduct of inattention and other such qualities, attain birth as animals, birds and non-moving entities according to the amount of tamas. The word tamasā indicates that they are situated constantly in tama guṇa. (People situated in the higher guṇas may sometimes show tama guṇa, but do not attain birth as animals because the tama is not constant.)