Sri Garga-samhita

Sri Garga-samhita

Sri Garga-samhita

Chapter Fourteen Śakaṭāsura-tṛṇāvarta-mokṣaḥ The Liberation of Śakaṭāsura and Tṛṇāvarta

Text 1

Verse text

śrī-garga uvāca
ity evaṁ kathitaṁ divyaṁ
śrī-kṛṣṇa-caritaṁ varam
yaḥ śṛṇoti naro bhaktyā
sa kṛtārtho na saṁśayaḥ

Synonyms

śrī-gargaḥ uvāca Śrī Garga Muni said ; iti thus ; evam in thjis way ; kathitam said ; divyam transcendental ; śrī-kṛṣṇa of Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; caritam pastimes ; varam excellent ; yah one who ; śṛṇoti hears ; naraḥ a person ; bhaktyā witḥ devotion ; saḥ he ; kṛtārthaḥ successful ; na not ; saṁśayaḥ *doubt.

Translation

Śrī Garga Muni said: A person who with devotion hears Lord Kṛṣṇa's transcendental pastimes becomes perfect and successful. Of this there is no doubt.
Text 2

Verse text

śrī-śaunaka uvāca
sudhā-kāṇḍāt paraṁ miṣṭaṁ
śrī-kṛṣṇa-caritaṁ śubham
śrutvā tan-mukhataḥ sākṣāt
kṛtārthāḥ smo vayaṁ mune

Synonyms

śrī-śaunakaḥ uvāca Śrī Garga said ; sudhā-kāṇḍāt than nectar ; param more ; miṣṭam sweet ; śrī-kṛṣṇa-caritam Śrī Kṛṣṇa's pastimes ; śubham beautiful ; śrutvā hearing ; tan-mukhataḥ from his mouth ; sākṣāt directly ; kṛtārthāḥ successful ; smaḥ become ; vayam we ; mune *O sage.

Translation

Śrī Śaunaka said: O sage, hearing from your mouth Śrī Kṛṣṇa's beautiful pastimes, which are sweeter than nectar, we have now become successful.
Text 3

Verse text

śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhaktaḥ śāntātmā
bahulaśvaḥ satāṁ varaḥ
atho muniṁ kiṁ papraccha
tan me brūhi tapo-dhana

Synonyms

śrī-kṛṣṇa-bhaktaḥ a devotee of Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; śānta peaceful ; ātmā at heart ; bahulaśvaḥ Bahulāśva ; satām of the pious ; varaḥ the best ; athaḥ then ; munim the sage ; kim what? ; papraccha asked ; tat that ; me to me ; brūhi please tell ; tapaḥ austerity ; dhana wealth.

Translation

What did Bahulāśva, who was a peaceful-hearted devotee of Lord Kṛṣṇa, and who was the best of the pious, ask the sage then? O saint wealthy in austerity, please tell me this.
Text 4

Verse text

śrī-garga uvāca
atha rājā maithilendro
harṣitaḥ prema-vihvalaḥ
nāradaṁ prāha dharmātmā
paripūrṇatamaṁ smaran

Synonyms

śrī-gargaḥ uvāca Śrī Garga said ; atha then ; rājā maithilendraḥ the kin gof Mithilā ; harṣitaḥ happy ; prema with love ; vihvalaḥ overcome ; nāradam to Nārada ; prāha said ; dharma of religion ; ātmā the heart ; paripūrṇatamam the Supreme Personality of Godhead ; smaran *remembering.

Translation

Śrī Garga Muni said: Happy, overcome with love, and meditating on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the saintly-hearted king of Mithilā spoke to Nārada.
Text 5

Verse text

śrī-bahulāśva uvāca
dhanyo 'haṁ ca kṛtārtho 'haṁ
bhavatā bhūri-karmaṇā
saṅgo bhagavadīyānāṁ
durlabho durghaṭo 'sti hi

Synonyms

śrī-bahulāśvaḥ uvāca Śrī Bahulāśva said ; dhanyaḥ fortunate ; aham I am ; ca and ; kṛtārthaḥ successful ; aham I ; bhavatā by you ; bhūri great ; karmaṇā deeds ; saṅgaḥ association ; bhagavadīyānām of the great devotees of the Lord ; durlabhaḥ difficult to attain ; durghaṭaḥ difficult to be ; asti is ; hi *indeed.

Translation

Śrī Bahulāśva said: Because of you, whose devotional service is very great, I have become fortunate and successful. Association with the Lord's great devotees is very rare and difficult to attain.
Text 6

Verse text

śrī-kṛṣṇas tv arbhakaḥ sākṣād
adbhuto bhakta-vatsalaḥ
agre cakāra kiṁ citraṁ
caritaṁ vada me mune

Synonyms

śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; tu indeed ; arbhakaḥ infant ; sākṣāt directly ; adbhutaḥ wonderful ; bhakta to the devotees ; vatsalaḥ affectionate ; agre in the first ; cakāra did ; kim what? ; citram wonderful ; caritam activities ; vada please tell ; me me ; mune *O sage.

Translation

What wonderful activities did wonderful infant Kṛṣṇa, who loves His devotees, do? O sage, please tell me.
Text 7

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
sādhu pṛṣṭaṁ tvayā rājan
bhavatā kṛṣṇa-dharmiṇā
saṅgamaḥ khalu sādhūnāṁ
sarveṣāṁ vitanoti śam

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; sādhu well ; pṛṣṭam asked ; tvayā by you ; rājan O king ; bhavatā by you ; kṛṣṇa-dharmiṇā a devotee of Lord Kṛṣṇa ; saṅgamaḥ association ; khalu indeed ; sādhūnām of saintly devotees ; sarveṣām all ; vitanoti *gives ; śam happiness and auspiciousness.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: O king, as a devotee of Lord Kṛṣṇa, you have asked a very good question. Association with saintly devotees brings happiness and auspicious to everyone.
Text 8

Verse text

ekadā kṛṣṇa-janmarkṣe
yaśodā nanda-gehinī
gopī-gopān samāhūya
maṅgalaṁ cākarod dvijaiḥ

Synonyms

ekadā one day ; kṛṣṇa-janma-ṛkṣe on the day of Kṛṣṇa's birth-star ; yaśodā Yaṣodā ; nanda-gehinī Nanda's wife ; gopī the gopīs ; gopān and gopas ; samāhūya calling ; maṅgalam auspiciousness ; ca also ; akarot did ; dvijaiḥ *by the brāhmaṇas.

Translation

On the day of Kṛṣṇa's birth-star, Nanda's wife Yaśodā called together the gopas and gopīs and had the brāhmaṇas perform auspicious ceremonies.
Text 9

Verse text

raktāmbaraṁ kanaka-bhūṣaṇa-bhūṣitāṅgaṁ
bālaṁ pragṛhya kalitāñjana-padma-netram
śyāmaṁ sphurad-dhari-nakhāvṛta-candra-hāraṁ
devān praṇamya su-dhanaṁ pradadau dvijebhyaḥ

Synonyms

rakta red ; ambaram garments ; kanaka golden ; bhūṣaṇa ornaments ; bhūṣita decorated ; aṅgam body ; bālam boy ; pragṛhya taking ; kalita decorated ; añjana black añjana ; padma lotus ; netram eyes ; śyāmam dark ; sphurat glittering ; hari lion ; nakha nails ; āvṛta filled ; candra moon ; hāram neclace ; devān to the demigods ; praṇamya bowing down ; su-dhanam great wealth ; pradadau gave ; dvijebhyaḥ *to the brāhmaṇas.

Translation

Taking her dark boy, who was dressed in red garments and who, His limbs decorated with golden ornaments and His lotus eyes with black añjana, wore a glittering moon necklace of lion's nails, she offered respectful obeisances to the demigods and gave great wealth to the brāhmaṇas.
Text 10

Verse text

preṅkhe nidhāya nijam ātmajam āśu gopī
sampūjya maṅgala-dine prati gopikās tāḥ
naivāśṛṇot su-ruditasya sutasya śabdaṁ
gopeṣu maṅgala-gṛheṣu gatāgateṣu

Synonyms

preṅkhe on the cradle ; nidhāya placing ; nijam own ; ātmajam son ; āśu at once ; gopī the gopī ; sampūjya respectfully greeting ; maṅgala-dine on that auspicious day ; prati to ; gopikāḥ gopīs ; tāḥ the ; na not ; eva indeed ; aśṛṇot heard ; su-ruditasya crying ; sutasya son ; śabdam the sound ; gopeṣu among the gopas ; maṅgala auspicious ; gṛheṣu in the homes ; gata going ; āgateṣu *and coming.

Translation

On that auspicious day she placed her son in His cradle, and quickly greeted the gopīs. As the cowherd people came and went in the auspicious rooms, the gopī Yaśodā did not hear the sound of her crying son.
Text 11

Verse text

tatraiva kaṁsa-khala-nodita utkacākhyo
daityaḥ prabhañjana-tanuḥ śakaṭaṁ sa etya
bālasya mūrdhni paripātayituṁ pravṛttaḥ
kṛṣṇo 'pi taṁ kila tatāḍa padāruṇena

Synonyms

tatrai there ; eva indeed ; kaṁsa-khala by the demon Kaṁsa ; noditaḥ sent ; utkaca-ākhyaḥ named Utkaca ; daityaḥ a demon ; prabhañjana made of the wind ; tanuḥ a body ; śakaṭam the cart ; saḥ he ; etya entering ; bālasya of the boy ; mūrdhni on the head ; paripātayitum to throw to the ground ; pravṛttaḥ engaged ; kṛṣṇaḥ Kṛṣṇa ; api even ; tam him ; kila indeed ; tatāḍa struck ; padā with a foor ; aruṇena *red.

Translation

Then, when a demon named Utkaca, who had been sent by the demon Kaṁsa, and who had a body made of air, went to a cart and tried to make it fall on Kṛṣṇa's head, infant Kṛṣṇa kicked the cart with the red sole of His foot.
Text 12

Verse text

cūrṇe gate 'tha śakaṭe patite ca daitye
tyaktvā prabhañjana-tanuṁ vimalo babhūva
natvā hariṁ śata-hayena rathena yukto
goloka-dhāma nija-lokam alaṁ jagāma

Synonyms

cūrṇe to pieces ; gate gone ; atha then ; śakaṭe when the cart ; patite fell ; ca also ; daitye the demon ; tyaktvā abandoning ; prabha 24jana of air ; tanum body ; vimalaḥ pure ; babhūva became ; natvā offering obeisances ; harim to Lord Hari ; śata a hundred ; hayena horses ; rathena with a chariot ; yuktaḥ endowed ; goloka-dhāma to the abode of Goloka ; nija-lokam His own abode ; alam greatly ; jagāma *went.

Translation

When the cart broke into pieces the demon fell. Leaving his body of air, he attained a pure spiritual body and, after respectfully bowing down before Lord Hari, in a chariot pulled by a hundred horses went to the Lord's own abode of Goloka.
Text 13

Verse text

nandādayo vraja-janā vraja-gopikāś ca
sarve sametya yugapat pṛthukāṁs tad āhuḥ
eṣa svayaṁ ca patitaḥ sakaṭaḥ kathaṁ hi
jānītha he vraja-sutāḥ su-gatāś ca yūyam

Synonyms

nanda with Nanda ; ādayaḥ beginning ; vraja-janā the people of Vraja ; vraja-gopikāḥ the gopīs of Vraja ; ca and ; sarve all ; sametya going ; yugapat at the same moment ; pṛthukān to the children ; tat this ; āhuḥ said ; eṣaḥ this ; svayam by itself ; ca and ; patitaḥ fallen ; sakaṭaḥ cart ; katham how? ; hi indeed ; jānītha you know ; he he ; vraja of Vraja ; sutāḥ O children ; su-gatāḥ present ; ca also ; yūyam *you all.

Translation

Headed by Nanda, the men and gopīs of Vraja at once converged on that place and asked the children, "How could this cart have fallen by itself? O children of Vraja, you were here. You know."
Text 14

Verse text

śrī-bālā ūcuḥ
preṅkha-stho 'yaṁ kṣipan pādau
rudan dugdhārtham eva hi
tatāḍa pādaṁ śakaṭe
tenedaṁ patitaṁ khalu

Synonyms

śrī-bālāḥ ūcuḥ the children said ; preṅkha on the cradle ; sthaḥ situated ; ayam He ; kṣipan kicking ; pādau both feet ; rudan crying ; dugdha milk ; artham for the purpose ; eva indeed ; hi certainly ; tatāḍa struck ; pādam on foot ; śakaṭe on the cart ; tena by that ; idam it ; patitam fell ; khalu *certainly.

Translation

The children said: Staying in the cradle, crying for milk, and kicking His feet, the child hit the cart with one foot and it fell.
Text 15

Verse text

śraddhāṁ na cakrur bālokte
gopā gopyaś ca vismitāḥ
traimāsikaḥ kva bālo 'yaṁ
kva caitad bhāra-bhṛt tv anaḥ

Synonyms

śraddhām faith ; na not ; cakruḥ did ; bāla of the children ; ukte in the words ; gopāḥ the gopas ; gopyaḥ gopīs ; ca and ; vismitāḥ amazed ; traimāsikaḥ three months old ; kva where? ; bālaḥ infant ; ayam He ; kva where? ; ca and ; etat this ; bhāra a great burden ; bhṛt holding ; tu indeed ; anaḥ *cart.

Translation

Astonished, the gopas and gopīs did not believe the childrens' words. "What is this three-month old infant in comparison to this heavily-burdened cart?"
Text 16

Verse text

bālam aṅke sā gṛhītvā
yaśodā graha-śaṅkitā
kārayām āsa vidhi-vad
yajṣaṁ vipraiḥ su-tarpitaiḥ

Synonyms

bālam the infant ; aṅke on the lap ; she ; gṛhītvā taking ; yaśoda Yaśodā ; graha a ghost ; śaṅkitā fearing ; kārayām āsa caused to be done ; vidhi-vat according to the rules ; yajṣam a sacrifice ; vipraiḥ by the brāhmaṇas ; su-tarpitaiḥ *pleased.

Translation

Fearing a ghost had come, Yaśodā took the infant on her lap, gave offerings to the brāhmaṇas and had them perform a traditional yajṣa.
Text 17

Verse text

śrī-bahulāśva uvāca
ko 'yaṁ pūrvaṁ tu kuśalī
daitya utkaca-nāma-bhāk
aho kṛṣṇa-pāda-sparśād
gato mokṣaṁ mahā-mune

Synonyms

śrī-bahulāśvaḥ uvāca Śrī Bahulāśva said ; kaḥ who? ; ayam he ; pūrvam before ; tu indeed ; kuśalī fortunate ; daityaḥ demon ; utkaca-nāma-bhāk named Utkaca ; ahaḥ oh ; kṛṣṇa of Lord Kṛṣṇa ; pāda of the foot ; sparśāt from the touch ; gata attained ; mokṣam liberation ; mahā great ; mune *O sage.

Translation

O great sage, in his previous birth who was this fortunate demon named Utakaca, who attained liberation by the touch of Lord Kṛṣṇa's foot?
Text 18

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
hiraṇyākṣa-suto daitya
utkaco nāma maithila
lomaśasyāśrame gacchan
vṛkṣāṁś cūrṇī-cakāra ha

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; hiranyākṣa-sutaḥ the son of Hiranyākṣa ; daityaḥ the demon ; utkaco nāma named Utkaca ; maithila O king of Mithilā ; lomaśasya of Lomaśa Muni ; āśrame in the hermitage ; gacchan going ; vṛkṣān trees ; cūrṇī-cakāra ha *broke.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: O king of Mithilā, one day the demon named Utkaca, who was Hiraṇyākṣa's son, went to Lomaśa Muni's hermitage and broke some trees.
Text 19

Verse text

taṁ dṛṣṭvā sthūla-dehāḍhyaṁ
utkacākhyaṁ mahā-bālam
śaśāpa roṣa-yug vipro
videho bhava durmate

Synonyms

tam him ; dṛṣṭvā seeing ; sthūla big ; deha body ; āḍhyam opulent ; utkaca-ākhyam named Utkaca ; mahā-bālam very powerful ; śaśāpa cursed ; roṣa-yuk angry ; vipraḥ brāhmaṇa ; videhaḥ without a body ; bhava become ; durmate *O evil-hearted one.

Translation

Seeing the powerful giant named Utkaca, the brāhmaṇa became angry and cursed him, "O evil-hearted one, become bodyless!"
Text 20

Verse text

sarpa-kañcukavad-deho
'patat karma-vipākataḥ
sadyas tac-caraṇopante
patitvā prāha daitya-rāṭ

Synonyms

sarpa a snake ; kañcukavat like the skin ; dehaḥ body ; apatat fell ; karma of deeds ; vipākataḥ by the fruition ; sadyaḥ at once ; tat of him ; caraṇa-upante at the feet ; patitvā falling ; prāha said ; daitya-rāṭ *the king of demons.

Translation

From this deed his body at once fell away as a snake's old skin also falls away. The king of demons then fell at the brāhmaṇa's feet and spoke.
Text 21

Verse text

utkaca uvāca
he mune he kṛpā-sindho
kṛpāṁ kuru mamopari
te prabhāvaṁ na jānāmi
dehaṁ me dehi he prabho

Synonyms

utkacaḥ uvāca Utkaca said ; he O ; mune sage ; he O ; kṛpā of mercy ; sindhaḥ ocean ; kṛpām mercy ; kuru do ; mama upari to me ; te your ; prabhāvam power ; na not ; jānāmi I know ; deham a body ; me to me ; dehi please give ; he O ; prabhaḥ *lord.

Translation

Utcaka said: O sage, O ocean of mercy, please be kind to me. I did not know your power. O lord, please give me a body.
Text 22

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
tadā prasannaḥ sa munir
dṛṣṭaṁ naya-śataṁ vidheḥ
satāṁ roṣo 'pi varado
varo mokṣārtha-daḥ kim u

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; tadā then ; prasannaḥ pleased ; saḥ that ; muniḥ sage ; dṛṣṭam seen ; naya morals ; śatam a hundred ; vidheḥ from Brahmā ; satām of saintly persons ; roṣaḥ anger ; api even ; vara blessing ; daḥ giving ; varaḥ blessing ; mokṣa-artha-daḥ giving liberation ; kim u *indeed.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: Then the sage, who had studied a hundred lessons in morality from the demigod Brahmā, became pleased. The anger of saintly persons brings a blessing. How great is that blessing, which brings liberation?
Text 23

Verse text

śrī-lomaśa uvāca
vāta-dehas tu te bhūyād
vyatīte cakṣuṣāntare
vaivasvatāntare muktir
bhavitā ca padā hareḥ

Synonyms

śrī-lomaśaḥ uvāca Śrī Lomaśa said ; vāta of air ; dehaḥ a body ; tu indeed ; te of you ; bhūyāt may be ; vyatīte passed ; cakṣuṣāntare the cakṣuṣa-manvantara ; vaivasvatāntare in the vaivasvata-manvantara ; muktiḥ liberation ; bhavitā will be ; ca also ; padā by the foot ; hareḥ *of Lord Hari.

Translation

Śrī Lomaśa said: You may have a body made of air. When the cakṣuṣ-manvantara is over and the vaivasvata-manvantra has come, Lord Hari's foot will give you liberation.
Text 24

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
tasmād utkaca-daityas tu
mukto lomaśa-tejasā
sadbhyo namo 'stu ye nūnaṁ
samarthā vara-śāpayoḥ

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; tasmāt from that ; utkaca-daityaḥ the demon Utkaca ; tu indeed ; muktaḥ liberated ; lomaśa-tejasā by the power of Lomaśa ; sadbhyaḥ to the saintly devotees ; namaḥ obeisances ; astu should be ; ye who ; nūnam indeed ; samarthāḥ are able ; vara *to bless ; śāpayoḥ or curse.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: In this way the power of Lomaśa Muni gave liberation to the demon Utkaca. I offer my respectful obeisances to the saintly devotees of the Lord, who have the power both to bless and to curse.
Text 25

Verse text

utsaṅge krīḍitaṁ bālaṁ
lālayanty ekadā nṛpa
giri-bhāraṁ na sehe sā
voḍhuṁ śrī-nanda-gehinī

Synonyms

utsaṅge on the lap ; krīḍitam playing ; bālam infant ; lālayantī fondling ; ekadā once ; nṛpa O king ; giri of a mountain ; bhāram the weight ; na not ; sehe was able ; she ; voḍhum to carry ; śrī-nanda-gehinī *Nanda's wife.

Translation

O king, one day, as He played on her lap and she fondled Him, Nanda's wife could not longer hold her infant boy, for he had become as heavy as a mountain.
Text 26

Verse text

aho giri-samo bālaḥ
kathaṁ syād iti vismitā
bhūmau nidhāya taṁ sadyo
nedaṁ kasmai jagāda ha

Synonyms

ahaḥ Oh ; giri to a mountain ; samaḥ equal ; bālaḥ infant ; katham how? ; syāt may be ; iti thus ; vismitā astonished ; bhūmau on the ground ; nidhāya placing ; tam Him ; sadyaḥ at once ; na not ; idam this ; kasmai for what reason? ; jagāda ha *said.

Translation

She was astonished, "How has my infant boy become heavy as a mountain?" She placed Him on the ground at once. How has this happened?" she said.
Text 27

Verse text

kaṁsa-praṇodito daityas
tṛṇāvarto mahā-bālaḥ
jahāra bālaṁ krīḍantaṁ
vāta-vartena sundaram

Synonyms

kaṁsa-praṇoditaḥ sent by Kaṁsa ; daityaḥ demon ; tṛṇāvartaḥ Tṛṇāvarto ; mahā-bālaḥ very powerful ; jahāra took ; bālam the infant boy ; krīḍantam playing ; vāta-vartena with a whirlwind ; sundaram *handsome.

Translation

The powerful demon Tṛṇāvarta, who had been sent by Kaṁsa, with a circling whirlwind grabbed the handsome, playing infant boy.
Text 28

Verse text

rajo-'ndha-kāro 'bhūt tatra
ghora-śabdaś ca gokule
rajasvalāni cakṣūṁṣi
babhūvur ghaṭikā-dvayam

Synonyms

rajaḥ of dust ; andha-kāraḥ a blinding darkness ; abhūt was ; tatra there ; ghora terrible ; śabdaḥ sound ; ca also ; gokule in Gokula ; rajasvalāni filled with dust ; cakṣūṁṣi eyes ; babhūvuḥ became ; ghaṭikā-dvayam *for an hour.

Translation

In Gokula there was blinding darkness and a terrible roar. For an hour the dust stopped everyone's vision.
Text 29

Verse text

tato yaśodā nāpaśyat
putraṁ taṁ mandirājire
mohitā rudatī ghoṣān
paśyantī gṛha-śekharān

Synonyms

tataḥ then ; yaśodā Yaśodā ; na not ; āpaśyat saw ; putram son ; tam Him ; mandira of the house ; ajire in the courtyard ; mohitā bewildered ; rudatī crying ; ghoṣān of Vraja ; paśyantī looking ; gṛha of the houses ; śekharān *at the tops.

Translation

Yaśodā did not see her son in the courtyard. Bewildered and crying, she gazed at the roofs of the houses in Vraja.
Text 30

Verse text

adṛṣṭe ca yadā putre
patitā bhuvi mūrchitā
uccai ruroda karuṇaṁ
mṛta-vatsā yath⁠hi gauḥ

Synonyms

adṛṣṭe not seen ; ca also ; yadā when ; putre her son ; patitā fallen ; bhuvi on the ground ; mūrchitā fainted ; uccaiḥ loudly ; ruroda cried ; mṛta died ; vatsā whose calf ; yathā as ; hi indeed ; gauḥ *a cow.

Translation

When she did not see her son, she fell to the ground unconscious. She loudly and pitifully wept, like a cow whose calf has died.
Text 31

Verse text

ruruduś ca tadā gopyaḥ
prema-sneha-samākulāḥ
aśru-mukhyo nanda-sūnuṁ
paśyantyas tā itas tataḥ

Synonyms

ruruduḥ wept ; ca also ; tadā then ; gopyaḥ the gopīs ; prema-sneha-samākulāḥ filled with love ; aśru tears ; mukhyaḥ faces ; nanda-sūnum the son of Nanda ; paśyantyaḥ looking ; tāḥ they ; itas tataḥ *here and there.

Translation

Filled with love, and their faces covered with tears, the gopīs also wept as here and there they searched for Nanda's son.
Text 32

Verse text

tṛṇāvarto nabhaḥ prāpta
ūrdhvaṁ vai lakṣa-yojanam
skandhe sumeruvad bālaṁ
manyamānaḥ prapīḍitaḥ

Synonyms

tṛṇāvartaḥ Tṛṇāvarta ; nabhaḥ the sky ; prāptaḥ attained ; ūrdhvam high ; vai indeed ; lakṣa-yojanam eight hundred thousand miles ; skandhe on his shoulder ; sumeruvat like Mount Sumeru ; bālam the infant ; manyamānaḥ considering ; prapīḍitaḥ *tormented.

Translation

Going eight hundred thousand miles into outer space, Tṛṇāvarta was troubled, thinking the infant on his shoulder was as heavy as Mount Sumeru.
Text 33

Verse text

atha kṛṣṇaṁ patayituṁ
daityas tatra samudyataḥ
galaṁ jagrāha tasyāpi
paripūrṇatamaḥ svayam

Synonyms

atha then ; kṛṣṇam Kṛṣṇa ; patayitum to drop ; daityaḥ the demon ; tatra there ; samudyataḥ was eager ; galam the neck ; jagrāha grasped ; tasya of him ; api also ; paripūrṇatamaḥ svayam *the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

Translation

The demon wanted to drop Kṛṣṇa right there, but the tiny Supreme Personality of Godhead steadfastly held his neck.
Text 34

Verse text

muñca muñceti gadite
daitye kṛṣṇo 'dbhuto 'rbhakaḥ
gala-grāheṇa mahatā
vyasuṁ daityaṁ cakāra ha

Synonyms

muñca let go! ; muñca let go! ; iti thus ; gaditeḥ poken ; daitye the demon ; kṛṣṇaḥ Kṛṣṇa ; adbhutaḥ astonishing ; arbhakaḥ infant ; gala neck ; grāheṇa by pulling ; mahatā great ; vyasum dead ; daityam the demon ; cakāra ha *made.

Translation

When the demon cried "Let go! Let go!" the wonderful infant Kṛṣṇa strangled and killed him.
Text 35

Verse text

līnaṁ saudāminī yathā
daityo 'mbarān nipātitaḥ
śilāyāṁ śiśunā saha

Synonyms

tat of Him ; jyotiḥ the effulgence ; śrī-ghana śyāme—dark as a monsoon cloud ; līnam entered ; saudāminī lighting ; yathā as ; daityaḥ the demon ; ambarāt from the sky ; nipātitaḥ fell ; śilāyām on a boulder ; śiśunā the infant ; saha with.

Translation

taj-jyotiḥ śrī-ghana—*śyāme Then the demon merged in Lord Kṛṣṇa's effulgence as lightning merges in a dark monsoon cloud. Then the demon and the infant fell from the sky onto a boulder.
Text 36

Verse text

viśīrṇa-vayavasyāpi
patitasya svanena vai
vineduś ca diśaḥ sarvāḥ
kampitaṁ bhūmi-maṇḍalam

Synonyms

viśīrṇa broken ; avayavasya of the body ; api also ; patitasya fallen ; svanena by the sound ; vai certainly ; vineduḥ resounded ; ca also ; diśaḥ the directions ; sarvāḥ all ; kampitam trembled ; bhūmi-maṇḍalam *the earth.

Translation

The sound of the fallen body breaking into pieces filled all the directions and make the earth tremble.
Text 37

Verse text

tat-pṛṣṭha-sthaṁ śiśuṁ tuṣṇīṁ
rudantyo gopikās tataḥ
dadṛśur yugapat sarvā
nītvā mātre dadur jaguḥ

Synonyms

tat-pṛṣṭha-stham on the back ; śiśum the infant ; tuṣṇīm silent ; rudantyaḥ wailing ; gopikāḥ gopī ; tataḥ then ; dadṛśuḥ saw ; yugapat at once ; sarvāḥ all ; nītvā bringing ; mātre to His mother ; daduḥ gave ; jaguḥ *spoke.

Translation

The weeping gopīs saw the infant sitting silently on the demon's back. They quickly brought Him to His mother, gave Him to her, and then spoke.
Text 38

Verse text

śrī-gopya ūcuḥ
na yogyāsi yaśode tvaṁ
bālaṁ lālayituṁ manāk
na ghṛṇā te kvacid dṛṣṭā
kruddhāsi kathitena vai

Synonyms

śrī-gopyaḥ ūcuḥ the gopīs said ; na not ; yogyā suitable ; asi you are ; yaśode O Yaśodā ; tvam you ; bālam infant ; lālayitum to love ; manāk at all ; na not ; ghṛṇā kindness ; te of you ; kvacit at all ; dṛṣṭā seen ; kruddhā cruel ; asi you are ; vai *indeed.

Translation

The gopīs said: Yaśodā, you have no right to embrace this child. You have no kindness. Your own words show how cruel you are.
Text 39

Verse text

prāpte 'ndhakare svārohāt
ko 'pi bālaṁ jahāti hi
tvayā nirghṛṇayā bhūmau
dhṛto bālo mahā-bhaye

Synonyms

prāpte attained ; andhakare blinding darkness ; sva own ; ārohāt from the lap ; kaḥ who? ; api indeed ; bālam an infant ; jahāti puts down ; hi indeed ; tvayā by you ; nirghṛṇayā merciless ; bhūmau on the ground ; dhṛtaḥ placed ; bālaḥ infant ; mahā great ; bhaye *in fear.

Translation

In that blinding darkness who took an infant from their lap and abandoned it? You were so merciless that in that terrifying moment you placed your own infant boy on the ground.
Text 40

Verse text

śrī-yaśodovāca
na jānāmi kathaṁ bālo
bhāra-bhūto girīndra-vat
tasmān mayā kṛto bhūmau
cakravāte mahā-bhaye

Synonyms

śrī-yaśodā uvāca Śrī Yaśodā said ; na not ; jānāmi I know ; katham how? ; bālaḥ infant ; bhāra-bhūtaḥ become very heavy ; giri-indra-vat as the king of mountains ; tasmāt because of that ; mayā by me ; kṛtaḥ done ; bhūmau on the ground ; cakravāte in the whirlwind ; mahā-bhaye *terrifying.

Translation

Śrī Yaśodā said: How did my child become as heavy as the king of mountains? I don't know. That is why during the terrible whirlwind I placed Him on the ground.
Text 41

Verse text

śrī-gopya ūcuḥ
mā mṛṣā vada kalyāṇi
he yaśode gata-vyathe
ayaṁ dugdha-mukho bālo
laghu kusuma-tūla-vat

Synonyms

śrī-gopyaḥ ūcuḥ the gopīs said ; don't ; mṛṣā lies ; vada tell ; kalyāṇi O beautiful one ; he O ; yaśode Yaśodā ; gata gone ; vyathe anxiety ; ayam He ; dugdha milk ; mukhaḥ in His mouth ; bālaḥ infant ; laghu light ; kusuma-tūla-vat *as a flower.

Translation

The gopīs said: O beautiful one, don't lie! O Yaśodā now free from all trouble, this infant, the milk still in His mouth, is as light as a flower!
Text 42

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
tadā gopyo 'tha gopāś ca
nandādyā āgate śiśau
atīva-modaṁ samprāpur
vadantaḥ kuśalaṁ janaiḥ

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; tadā then ; gopyaḥ the gopīs ; atha then ; gopāḥ the gopas ; ca and ; nanda-ādyāḥ headed by Nanda ; āgate came ; śiśau child ; atīva-modam great happiness ; samprāpuḥ attained ; vadantaḥ speaking ; kuśalam auspicious words ; janaiḥ *by the people.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: When infant Kṛṣṇa was returned the gopīs and gopas headed by Nanda became very happy and happily spoke among themselves.
Text 43

Verse text

yaśodā bālakaṁ nītvā
pāyayitvā stanaṁ muhuḥ
āghrāyorasi vastreṇa
rohiṇīṁ prāha mohitā

Synonyms

yaśodā Yaśodā ; bālakam the infant ; nītvā bringing ; pāyayitvā made drink ; stanam breast ; muhuḥ again and again ; āghrāya smelling ; urasi on the chest ; vastreṇa with garments ; rohiṇīm to Rohiṇī ; prāha said ; mohitā *bewildered.

Translation

Yaśodā took the infant, made Him again and again drink from her breast, smelled His head, and dressed Him in nice clothes. Then, bewildered, she spoke to Rohiṇī.
Text 44

Verse text

śrī-yaśodovāca
eko daivena datto 'yaṁ
na putrā bahavaś ca me
tasyāpi bahavo 'ṛṣṭā
āgacchanti kṣaṇena vai

Synonyms

śrī-yaśodā uvāca Śrī Yaśodā said ; ekaḥ one ; daivena by fate ; dattaḥ given ; ayam Him ; na not ; putrāḥ sons ; bahavaḥ many ; ca aslo ; me of me ; tasya of Him ; api also ; bahavaḥ many ; aṛṣṭāḥ dangers ; āgacchanti come ; kṣaṇena at every moment ; vai *certainly.

Translation

Śrī Yaśodā said: Fate has given me only one son. I do not have many sons. But to that one son many dangers come at every moment.
Text 45

Verse text

adya mṛtyu-mukhān mukto
bhaviṣyat kim ataḥ paraṁ
kiṁ karomi kva gacchāmi
kutra vāso bhaved ataḥ

Synonyms

adya today ; mṛtyu of death ; mukhān from the mouth ; muktaḥ freed ; bhaviṣyat would be ; kim what? ; ataḥ param then ; kim what? ; karomi I do ; kva where? ; gacchāmi I go ; kutra where? ; vāsaḥ residence ; bhavet would be ; ataḥ *then.

Translation

Today He escaped from death's mouth. If He had died what would have happened? What would I do? Where would I go? Where would I live then?
Text 46

Verse text

vajra-sārāś ca ye daityā
nirdayā ghora-darśanāḥ
vairaṁ kurvanti me bāle
daiva daiva kutaḥ sukham

Synonyms

vajra as a thunderbolt ; sārāḥ strong ; ca aslo ; ye which ; daityāḥ demons ; nirdayāḥ merciless ; ghora terrible ; darśanāḥ to see ; vairam hatred ; kurvanti do ; me to my ; bāle son ; daiva O fate ; daiva O fate ; kutaḥ where? ; sukham *happiness.

Translation

Many demons who are strong as thunderbolts and terrible to see hate my son. O fate, fate, how will we be happy?
Text 47

Verse text

dhanaṁ deho gṛhaṁ saudho
ratnāni vividhāni ca
sarveṣāṁ tu hy avaśyaṁ vai
bhūyān me kuśalī śiśuḥ

Synonyms

dhanam wealth ; dehaḥ body ; gṛham home ; saudhaḥ a palace ; ratnāni jewels ; vividhāni various ; ca and ; sarveṣām of all ; tu certainly ; hi indeed ; avaśyam inevitably ; vai indeed ; bhūyāt may become ; me of me ; kuśalī happy ; śiśuḥ *child.

Translation

My wealth, body, palace, and many jewels are all only so my son will be happy.
Text 48

Verse text

harer arcāṁ dānam iṣṭaṁ
pūrtaṁ devālayaṁ śatam
kariṣyāmi tadā bālo
'riṣṭebhyo vijayī yadā

Synonyms

hareḥ of Lord Hari ; arcām worship ; dānam charity ; iṣṭam pūrtam public welfare activities ; devālayam temples ; śatam a hundred ; kariṣyāmi I will do ; tadā then ; bālaḥ boy ; ariṣṭebhyaḥ over dangers ; vijayī conquering ; yadā *when.

Translation

I will worship Lord Hari, give charity, do great public welfare works, and build a hundred temples. Then my boy will be victorious over all dangers.
Text 49

Verse text

eka-bālena me saukhyam
andha-yaṣṭir iva priye
bālaṁ nītvā gamiṣyāmi
deśe rohiṇī nirbhaye

Synonyms

eka with one ; bālena child ; me of me ; saukhyam of happiness ; andha a blind ; yaṣṭiḥ stick ; iva as if ; priye O dear one ; bālam boy ; nītvā bringing ; gamiṣyāmi I will go ; deśe in the country ; rohiṇi O Rohiṇī ; nirbhaye *without fear.

Translation

My son will make me happy. I will become like a blind stick immobile with bliss. O dear Rohiṇī, I will take my son and go to the kingdom of fearlessness.
Text 50

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
tadaiva viprā vidvāṁsa
āgatā nanda-mandiram
yaśodayā ca nandena
pūjitā āsana-sthitāḥ

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; tadā then ; eva certainly ; viprāḥ the brāhmaṇas ; vidvāṁsaḥ wise ; āgatāḥ came ; nanda-mandiram to Nanda's palace ; yaśodayā with Yaśodā ; ca and ; nandena with Nanda ; pūjitā worshiped ; āsana on a seat ; sthitāḥ *situated.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: Then many learned brāhmaṇas came to Nanda's palace. Nanda and Yaśodā worshiped them and gave them seats.
Text 51

Verse text

śrī-brāhmaṇā ūcuḥ
mā śocaṁ kuru he nanda
he yaśode vrajeśvari
kariṣyāmaḥ śiśo rakṣāṁ
ciraṣ-jīvī bhaved ayam

Synonyms

śrī-brāhmaṇāḥ ūcuḥ the brāhmaṇas said ; don't ; śocam lamentation ; kuru do ; he O ; nanda Nanda ; he O ; yaśode Yaśodā ; vrajeśvari O queen of Vraja ; kariṣyāmaḥ we will do ; śiśoḥ of the boy ; rakṣām protection ; cirat a long time ; jīvī living ; bhavet will be ; ayam *He.

Translation

The brāhmaṇas said: O Nanda, O Yaśodā queen of Vraja, don't lament. We will protect your son. He will live for a long time.
Texts 52 and 53

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
ity uktvā dvija-mukhyās te
kuśāgrair nava-pallavaiḥ
pavitra-kuśalais toyair
ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-jaiḥ stavaiḥ
paraiḥ svasty-ayanair yajṣaṁ
kārayitvā vidhānataḥ
agniṁ sampūjya vidhi-vad
rakṣāṁ vidadhire śiśoḥ

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; iti thus ; uktvā saying ; dvija-mukhyāḥ the great brāhmaṇas ; te they ; kuśa-agraiḥ with tips of kuśa grass ; nava-pallavaiḥ and new twigs ; pavitra pure ; kuśalaiḥ auspicious ; toyaiḥ with water ; ṛg-yajuḥ-sāma-jaiḥ from the Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajur Vedas ; stavaiḥ with prayers ; paraiḥ transcendental ; svasty-ayanaiḥ with blessings ; yajṣam sacrifice ; kārayitvā performing ; vidhānataḥ according to proper procedure ; agnim fire ; sampūjya worshiping ; vidhi-vat properly ; rakṣām protection ; vidadhire did ; śiśoḥ *of the child.

Translation

After saying this, the great brāhmaṇas, with new twigs, kuśa grass, pure sacred water, prayers from the Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajur Vedas, and many auspicious blessings, properly performed a yajṣa and properly worshiped the sacred fire. In this way they established the protection of child Kṛṣṇa.
Text 54

Verse text

śrī-brāhmaṇā ūcuḥ
dāmodaraḥ pātu pādau
jānūni vistara-śravāḥ
ūrū pātu harir nābhiṁ
paripūrṇatamaḥ svayam

Synonyms

śrī-brāhmaṇāḥ ūcuḥ the brāhmaṇas said ; dāmodaraḥ Lord Dāmodara ; pātu may protect ; pādau feet ; jānūni knees ; vistara-śravāḥ Lord Vistara-śravāḥ ; ūrū thighs ; pātu may protect ; hariḥ Lord Hari ; nābhim navel ; paripūrṇatamaḥ svayam *the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

Translation

The brāhmaṇas said: May Lord Dāmodara protect Your feet. May Lord Vistaraśravā protect Your knees. May Lord Hari protect Your thighs. May the Supreme Personality of Godhead protect Your navel.
Text 55

Verse text

kaṭiṁ rādhā-patiḥ pātu
pīta-vāsas tavodaram
hṛdayaṁ padma-nābhaś ca
bhujau govardhanoddharaḥ

Synonyms

kaṭim hips ; rādhā-patiḥ the Lord of Rādhā ; pātu may protect ; pīta-vāsaḥ who wears yellow garments ; tava Your ; udaram abdomen ; hṛdayam chest ; padma-nābhaḥ the Lord whose navel is a lotus ; ca and ; bhujau arms ; govardhana-uddharaḥ *the lifter of Govardhana Hill.

Translation

May the Lord of Rādhā protect Your hips. May the Lord who wears yellow garments protect Your abdomen. May the Lord whose navel is a lotus flower protect Your chest. May the Lord who lifted Govardhana Hill protect Your arms.
Text 56

Verse text

mukhaṁ ca mathurā-nātho
dvārakeśaḥ śiro 'vatu
pṛṣṭhaṁ pātv asura-dhvaṁsī
sarvato bhagavān svayam

Synonyms

mukham face ; ca and ; mathurā-nāthaḥ the Lord of Mathurā ; dvārakeśaḥ the Lord of Dvārakā ; śiraḥ head ; avatu may protect ; pṛṣṭham back ; pātu may protect ; asura-dhvaṁsī the killer of the demons ; sarvataḥ completely ; bhagavān svayam *the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

Translation

May the Lord of Mathurā protect Your face. May the Lord of Dvārakā protect Your head. May the Lord who kills the demons protect Your back. May the Supreme Personality of Godhead give You all protection.
Text 57

Verse text

śloka-trayam idaṁ stotraṁ
yaḥ paṭhen mānavaḥ sadā
mahā-saukhyaṁ bhavet tasya
na bhayaṁ vidyate kvacit

Synonyms

śloka-trayam three verses ; idam this ; stotram prayer ; yaḥ one who ; mānavaḥ a human being ; sadā regularly ; mahā-saukhyam great happiness ; bhavet will be ; tasya of him ; na not ; bhayam fear ; vidyate is ; kvacit *at any time.

Translation

A human being who regularly recites this prayer of three verses will always be very happy. He will never fear.
Text 58

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
nandas tebhyo gavāṁ lakṣaṁ
suvarṇaṁ daśa-lakṣakam
sahasraṁ nava-ratnānāṁ
vastra-lakṣaṁ dadau param

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; nandaḥ Nanda ; tebhyaḥ to them ; gavām of cows ; lakṣam a hundred thousand ; suvarṇam gold ; daśa-lakṣakam a million ; sahasram a thousand ; nava new ; ratnānām jewels ; vastra of garments ; lakṣam a hundred thousand ; dadau gave ; param *then.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: To them Nanda gave a hundred thousand cows, a million gold coins, a thousand new jewels, and a hundred thousand opulent garments.
Text 59

Verse text

gateṣu dvija-mukhyeṣu
nando gopān niyamya ca
bhojayām āsa sampūjya
vastrair bhūṣair manoharaiḥ

Synonyms

gateṣu were gone ; dvija-mukhyeṣu when the great brāhmaṇas ; nandaḥ Nanda ; gopān the gopas ; niyamya attaining ; ca also ; bhojayām āsa fed ; sampūjya worshiping ; vastraiḥ with garments ; bhūṣaiḥ with ornaments ; manoharaiḥ *beautiful.

Translation

When the great brāhmaṇas had gone, Nanda invited the gopas, fed them sumptuously, honored them, and gave them many beautiful garments and ornaments.
Text 60

Verse text

śrī-bahulāśva uvāca
tṛṇāvartaḥ pūrva-kāle
ko 'yaṁ sukṛta-kṛn naraḥ
paripūrṇatame sākṣāc
chrī-kṛṣṇe līnatāṁ gataḥ

Synonyms

śrī-bahulāśvaḥ uvāca Śrī Bahulāśva said ; tṛṇāvartaḥ Tṛṇāvarta ; pūrva-kāle in his previous time ; kaḥ who? ; ayam he ; sukṛta-kṛt performer of pious deeds ; naraḥ person ; paripūrṇatame sākṣāt in the Supreme Personality of Godhead ; śrī-kṛṣṇe Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; līnatām merging ; gataḥ *attained.

Translation

Śrī Bahulāśva said: What pious deeds did Tṛṇāvarta perform in his previous birth that he merged into Lord Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead?
Text 61

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
pāṇḍu-deśodbhavo rājā
sahasrākṣaḥ pratāpavān
hari-bhakto dharma-niṣṭho
yajṣa-kṛd dāna-tat-paraḥ

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; pāṇḍu-deśa in the country of Pāṇḍu ; udbhavaḥ born ; rājā king ; sahasrākṣaḥ Sahasrākṣa—eyes ; pratāpavān powerful ; hari of Lord Hari ; bhaktaḥ a devotee ; dharma-niṣṭhaḥ a follower of religion ; yajṣa-kṛt performer of sacrifices ; dāna-tat-paraḥ *devoted to giving charity.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: He was Sahasrākṣa, a powerful king of Pāṇḍu-deśa. He was a devotee of Lord Hari, a follower of religion, a performer of yajṣas, and a giver of charity.
Text 62

Verse text

revā-taṭe mahā-divye
latā-vetra-samākule
nārīṇāṁ ca sahasreṇa
ramamāṇo cakāra ha

Synonyms

revā of the Revā ; taṭe on the bank ; mahā-divye very splendid ; latā-vetra-samākule filled with vines ; nārīṇām of women ; ca also ; sahasreṇa with a thousand ; ramamāṇaḥ enjoying ; cakāra ha *did.

Translation

On the shore of the Revā, in a very splendid place filled with flowering vines, he enjoyed pastimes with a thousand beautiful women.
Text 63

Verse text

durvāsasaṁ muniṁ sākṣād
āgataṁ na nanāma ha
tadā munir dadau śāpaṁ
rākṣaso bhava durmate

Synonyms

durvāsasam munim Durvāsā Muni ; sākṣāt directly ; āgatam arrived ; na not ; nanāma ha offered obeisances ; tadā then ; muniḥ the sage ; dadau gave ; śāpam a curse ; rākṣasaḥ a demon ; bhava become ; durmate *O evil-hearted one.

Translation

When Durvāsā Muni came there the king did not bow down to offer respects to him. Then the sage cursed him, "O evil-hearted one, become a demon!"
Text 64

Verse text

punas tad-aṅghryoḥ patitaṁ
nṛpaṁ prādād varaṁ muniḥ
śrī-kṛṣṇa-vigraha-sparśān
muktis te bhavitā nṛpa

Synonyms

punaḥ again ; tat of him ; aṅghryoḥ at the feet ; patitam fallen ; nṛpam to the king ; prādāt gave ; varam a blessing ; muniḥ the sage ; śrī-kṛṣṇa of Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; vigraha of the body ; sparśāt by the touch ; muktiḥ liberation ; te of you ; bhavitā will be ; nṛpa *O king.

Translation

When the king fell at his feet, the sage gave a blessing, "O king, the touch of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's form will give you liberation."
Text 65

Verse text

śrī-nārada uvāca
so 'pi durvāsasaḥ śāpāt
tṛṇāvarto 'bhavat bhuvi
śrī-kṛṣṇa-vigraha-sparśāt
paraṁ mokṣam avāpa ha

Synonyms

śrī-nāradaḥ uvāca Śrī Nārada said ; saḥ he ; api also ; durvāsasaḥ of Durvāsā ; śāpāt from the curse ; tṛṇāvartaḥ Tṛṇāvarta ; abhavat became ; bhuvi on earth ; śrī-kṛṣṇa of Śrī Kṛṣṇa ; vigraha of the form ; sparśāt by the touch ; paraṁ mokṣam liberation ; avāpa attained ; ha *certainly.

Translation

Śrī Nārada said: Because of Durvāsā's curse he became Tṛnāvarta on the earth and by the touch of Śrī Kṛṣṇa's form he attained liberation.